oracle 11g数据库启动错误总结

1.启动数据库时提示ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

  (在oracle 11g中新增的内存自动管理的参数MEMORY_TARGET,它能自动调整SGA和PGA，这个特性需要用到/dev/shm共享文件系统，而且要求/dev/shm必须大于MEMORY_TARGET，如果/dev/shm比MEMORY_TARGET小就会报错)
图:

解决方法:

[root@centos ~]# df -h

Filesystem       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root    25G   11G   14G  45% /

tmpfs           1.0G  751M  274M  74% /dev/shm     --是因为个值小了

/dev/sda1        485M   30M  430M   7% /boot

/dev/sr0         3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

[root@centos ~]# mount -o remount,size=2G /dev/shm    --修改大小,就不会报错了

[root@centos ~]# df -h

Filesystem     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root  25G   11G   14G  45% /

tmpfs                 2.0G  751M  1.3G  37% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1               485M   30M  430M   7% /boot

/dev/sr0               3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

[root@centos ~]#

测试:

2.启动oracle出现(oracle 11g)

[oracle@rac1 database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Sep 18 13:09:15 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> startup
ORA-29760: instance_number parameter not specified
SQL> 

解决方法:

[oracle@rac1 database]$ export ORACLE_SID=racdb1  --指定正确的SID号

3.启动oem控制界面出错

[oracle@centos ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0

Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

https://centos:1158/em/console/aboutApplication

Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...

...  Stopped.

[oracle@centos ~]$ emctl start dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0

Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

https://centos:1158/em/console/aboutApplication

Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control

....................................................................................

......... failed.

------------------------------------------------------------------

Logs are generated in directory /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/centos_orcl/sysman/log

[oracle@centos ~]$ tailf  -n 3  /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/centos_orcl/sysman/log/emdctl.trc    --查看最后3行日志,提示路由和主机错误

2014-01-23 14:54:47,568 Thread-3032057536 WARN  http: nmehl_connect_internal: connect failed to (centos:1158): No route to 

host (error = 113)

2014-01-23 15:02:50,071 Thread-3032803008 WARN  http: nmehl_connect_internal: connect failed to (centos:3938): No route to 

host (error = 113)

2014-01-23 15:02:50,073 Thread-3032803008 ERROR main: nmectla_agentctl: Error connecting to https://centos:3938/emd/main. 

Returning status code 1

解决方法:

[root@centos ~]# ifconfig eth1    --检查服务器的路由和主机IP地址,最好设置为静态的

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:5C:4A:F6

inet addr:2.2.2.114  Bcast:2.2.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe5c:4af6/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

RX packets:88220 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:43011 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:6611001 (6.3 MiB)  TX bytes:29439365 (28.0 MiB)

[root@centos ~]# route  -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination   Gateway      Genmask      Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface

2.2.2.0    0.0.0.0       255.255.255.0   U     1      0   0 eth1

0.0.0.0    2.2.2.1       0.0.0.0      UG    0      0    0 eth1

[root@centos ~]#

测试：

[oracle@centos ~]$ emctl start dbconsole     --启动成功了

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0

Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

https://centos:1158/em/console/aboutApplication

Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ........ started.

------------------------------------------------------------------

Logs are generated in directory /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/centos_orcl/sysman/log

[oracle@centos ~]$

4.控制文件丢失(由于控制文件丢失,数据库无法启动)

[oracle@centos ~]$ sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 25 09:31:04 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  661209088 bytes

Fixed Size          1338560 bytes

Variable Size         494928704 bytes

Database Buffers      159383552 bytes

Redo Buffers            5558272 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

SQL>

解决方法:

[oracle@centos ~]$ ll app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control011.ctl   --查看两个控制文件名

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Jan 25 09:30 app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control011.ctl

[oracle@centos ~]$ ll app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 Jan 25 09:30

app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

[oracle@centos ~]$ vim app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora  --打开配置文件看是否控制文件名写对了没有

*.control_files='/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'    --第一个控制文件名错了，改对就可以了

测试:

[oracle@centos ~]$ sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 25 09:42:31 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: / as sysdba

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

5.启动em控制台报错:Environment variable ORACLE_SID not defined. Please define it.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>emctl start dbconsole

Environment variable ORACLE_SID not defined. Please define it.

解决方法:

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>set oracle_sid=orcl

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate

EMCA 开始于 2009-11-13 11:03:30

EM Configuration Assistant 10.2.0.1.0 正式版

版权所有 (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle。保留所有权利。

输入以下信息:

数据库 SID: orcl

已为数据库 orcl 配置了 Database Control

您已选择配置 Database Control, 以便管理数据库 orcl

此操作将移去现有配置和默认设置, 并重新执行配置

是否继续? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y          --输入y确定

监听程序端口号: 1521       --输入端口

SYS 用户的口令:            --输入密码

DBSNMP 用户的口令:

SYSMAN 用户的口令:

通知的电子邮件地址 (可选):

通知的发件 (SMTP) 服务器 (可选):

-----------------------------------------------------------------

已指定以下设置

数据库 ORACLE_HOME ................ C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_4

数据库主机名 ................ hzdx

监听程序端口号 ................ 1521

数据库 SID ................ orcl

通知的电子邮件地址 ...............

通知的发件 (SMTP) 服务器 ...............

-----------------------------------------------------------------

是否继续? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y

2009-11-13 11:04:36 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform

信息: 正在将此操作记录到 C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_4\cfgtoollogs\emca\orcl\emc

a_2009-11-13_11-03-30-上午.log。

2009-11-13 11:04:44 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil stopOMS

信息: 正在停止 Database Control (此操作可能需要一段时间)...

2009-11-13 11:05:08 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig dropRepository

信息: 正在删除 EM 资料档案库 (此操作可能需要一段时间)...

2009-11-13 11:06:43 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke

信息: 已成功删除资料档案库

2009-11-13 11:06:44 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository

信息: 正在创建 EM 资料档案库 (此操作可能需要一段时间)...

2009-11-13 11:10:13 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke

信息: 已成功创建资料档案库

2009-11-13 11:18:10 oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS

信息: 正在启动 Database Control (此操作可能需要一段时间)...

2009-11-13 11:18:50 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

信息: 已成功启动 Database Control

2009-11-13 11:18:50 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

警告: 无法创建 Database Control 快捷方式

2009-11-13 11:18:50 oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration

信息: >>>>>>>>>>> Database Control URL 为 http://hzdx:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<<

已成功完成 Enterprise Manager 的配置

EMCA 结束于 2009-11-13 11:18:50

测试: