MySQL早期默认采用latin1_swedish作为字符集，这可能出于向下兼容考虑，因为latin1是单字节编码，适合旧的不指定 collation 的CREATE语句。尽管UTF-8更兼容多语言，但MySQL继续使用latin1可能是由于历史遗留和瑞典公司MySQL AB的影响。这导致了一些特定的排序特性，如ÄÖÜ在Z之后。
Does anyone know why latin1_swedish is the default for MySQL. It would seem to me that UTF-8 would be more compatible right?
Defaults are usually chosen because they are the best universal choice, but in this case it does not seem thats what they did.
解决方案
As far as I can see, latin1 was the default character set in pre-multibyte times and it looks like that's been continued, probably for reasons of downward compatibility (e.g. for older CREATE statements that didn't specify a collation).
From here:
What 4.0 Did
MySQL 4.0 (and earlier versions) only supported what amounted to a combined notion of the character set and collation with single-byte character encodings, which was specified at the server level. The default was latin1, which corresponds to a character set of latin1 and collation of latin1_swedish_ci in MySQL 4.1.
As to why swedish, I can only guess that it's because MySQL AB is/was swedish. I can't see any other reason for choosing this collation, it comes with some specific sorting quirks (ÄÖÜ come after Z I think) but they are nowhere near an international standard.
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