1、nmcli相关介绍
CentOS 5以及CentOS 6版本的Linux发行版，我们都习惯使用直接编辑网络配置文件或者使用类似于setup的命令对网络进行配置，但是在CentOS7版本上，出现了一个名为nmcli的工具，使得我们在配置和管理我们的网络时，变的非常方便。下面我们来了解下nmcli的一些常用功能：
CentOS 7 中默认的网络服务由 NetworkManager 提供，这是动态控制及配置网络的守护进程，它用于保持当前网络设备及连接处于工作状态，同时也支持传统的 ifcfg 类型的配置文件。
NetworkManager 可以用于以下类型的连接：Ethernet，VLANS，Bridges，Bonds，Teams，Wi-Fi，mobile boradband（如移动3G）以及 IP-over-InfiniBand。针对与这些网络类型，NetworkManager 可以配置他们的网络别名，IP 地址，静态路由，DNS，VPN连接以及很多其它的特殊参数。
2、nmcli的使用
2.1 查看nmcli的帮助命令：
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[root@ip-172-31-22-8 ~]
# nmcli help
Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OPTIONS
-t[erse] terse output
-p[retty] pretty output
-m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode
-f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common specify fields to output
-e[scape]
yes
|no escape columns separators
in
values
-n[ocheck] don't check nmcli and NetworkManager versions
-a[sk] ask
for
missing parameters
-w[ait] <seconds>
set
timeout waiting
for
finishing operations
-
v
[ersion] show program version
-h[elp] print this help
OBJECT
g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations
n[etworking] overall networking control
r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches
c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections
d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager
a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent
|
说明：
a、device叫网络接口，是物理设备
b、connection是连接，偏重于逻辑设置
c、多个connection可以应用到同一个device，但同一时间只能启用其中一个connection。
d、这样的好处是针对一个网络接口，我们可以设置多个网络连接，比如静态IP和动态IP，再根据需要up相应的connection。
2.2 CentOS 7下网卡命名规则：
CentOS 7 开始对于网卡的编号则有另一套规则， 网卡的界面代号现在与网卡的来源有关，基本上的网卡名称会是这样分类的：
eno1 ： 代表由主板 BIOS 内置的网卡
ens1 ： 代表由主板 BIOS 内置的 PCI-E 界面的网卡
enp2s0 ： 代表 PCI-E 界面的独立网卡， 可能有多个插孔， 因此会有 s0, s1... 的编号
eth0 ： 如果上述的名称都不适用， 就回到原本的默认网卡编号
CentOS 7 也希望我们不要手动修改配置文件， 直接使用所谓的 nmcli 这个指令来设置网络参数即可
2.3 查看网络设备的相关状态：
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[[root@centos7 ~]
# nmcli device status
Warning: nmcli (1.0.6) and NetworkManager (1.0.0) versions don't match. Use --nocheck to suppress the warning.
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
eno16777736 ethernet connected eno16777736
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tap unmanaged --
[root@centos7 ~]
# nmcli device show eno16777736
Warning: nmcli (1.0.6) and NetworkManager (1.0.0) versions don't match. Use --nocheck to suppress the warning.
GENERAL.DEVICE: eno16777736
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:0C:29:C5:A0:8D
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736
GENERAL.CON-PATH:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/8
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 10.10.10.133
/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[2]: 8.8.8.8
IP4.DOMAIN[1]: localdomain
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d
/64
IP6.GATEWAY:
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection help
Usage: nmcli connection { COMMAND | help }
COMMAND := { show | up | down | add | modify | edit | delete | reload | load }
show [--active] [[--show-secrets] [
id
| uuid | path | apath] <ID>] ...
up [[
id
| uuid | path] <ID>] [ifname <ifname>] [ap <BSSID>] [
passwd
-
file
<
file
with passwords>]
down [
id
| uuid | path | apath] <ID> ...
add COMMON_OPTIONS TYPE_SPECIFIC_OPTIONS IP_OPTIONS
modify [--temporary] [
id
| uuid | path] <ID> ([+|-]<setting>.<property> <value>)+
edit [
id
| uuid | path] <ID>
edit [
type
<new_con_type>] [con-name <new_con_name>]
delete [
id
| uuid | path] <ID>
reload
load <filename> [ <filename>... ]
[root@centos7 ~]
# nmcli connection show
Warning: nmcli (1.0.6) and NetworkManager (1.0.0) versions don't match. Use --nocheck to suppress the warning.
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
virbr0 6e28dbac-ef8c-4065-b235-26da2a96e261 bridge virbr0
eno16777736 9abced2c-1ebf-4a70-9ecc-fc9c9d14d01c 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
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2.4 配置接口的IP地址信息：
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#----->在同一网卡上，配置多个IP地址
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 +ipv4.addresses 10.10.10.134/24
#----->如何让新添加的IP地址生效
nmcli con down eno16777736;nmcli con up eno16777736
#----->我们添加网卡新的ip地址：10.10.10.134/24
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 ipv4.
ipv4.addresses ipv4.dhcp-send-
hostname
ipv4.gateway ipv4.may-fail ipv4.route-metric
ipv4.dhcp-client-
id
ipv4.dns ipv4.ignore-auto-dns ipv4.method ipv4.routes
ipv4.dhcp-
hostname
ipv4.dns-search ipv4.ignore-auto-routes ipv4.never-default
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 +ipv4.addresses 10.10.10.134/24
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c5:a0:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 26917 bytes 33375856 (31.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5265 bytes 334974 (327.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 524 bytes 45724 (44.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 524 bytes 45724 (44.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
直接配置后，网卡的ip地址不能直接生效
#----->如何让添加的网卡生效
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection down eno16777736 ;nmcli connection up eno16777736
Connection
'eno16777736'
successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
)
成功激活的连接（D-Bus 激活路径：
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2
）
#----->发现这里面仍旧看不到新添加的接口的IP信息
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c5:a0:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 57185 bytes 71800786 (68.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 10663 bytes 676788 (660.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 548 bytes 48084 (46.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 548 bytes 48084 (46.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
#----->查看网卡的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=
yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=
yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=
yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=
yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=9abced2c-1ebf-4a70-9ecc-fc9c9d14d01c
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=
yes
IPADDR=10.10.10.134
PREFIX=24
PEERDNS=
yes
PEERROUTES=
yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=
yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=
yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
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#查看网卡的详细信息
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli device show eno16777736
GENERAL.设备: eno16777736
GENERAL.类型: ethernet
GENERAL.硬盘: 00:0C:29:C5:A0:8D
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.状态: 100 (连接的)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736
GENERAL.CON-PATH:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5
WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器: 开
IP4.地址[1]: 10.10.10.133
/24
IP4.地址[2]: 10.10.10.134
/24
IP4.网关: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.10.10.2
IP4.域[1]: localdomain
IP6.地址[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d
/64
IP6.网关:
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#这里如果发现是中文，可以使用以下命令进行修改
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[root@localhost ~]
# localectl list-locales
[root@localhost ~]
# localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8
#断开连接，然后重新连接下
[root@centos7 ~]
# nmcli device show eno16777736
Warning: nmcli (1.0.6) and NetworkManager (1.0.0) versions don't match. Use --nocheck to suppress the warning.
GENERAL.DEVICE: eno16777736
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:0C:29:C5:A0:8D
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736
GENERAL.CON-PATH:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/8
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 10.10.10.133
/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[2]: 8.8.8.8
IP4.DOMAIN[1]: localdomain
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d
/64
IP6.GATEWAY:
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#消除我们添加的ip：10.10.10.134/24
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 -ipv4.addresses 10.10.10.134/24
[root@localhost ~]
# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection down eno16777736 ;nmcli connection up eno16777736
Connection
'eno16777736'
successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3
)
成功激活的连接（D-Bus 激活路径：
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
）
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c5:a0:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 77939 bytes 96881263 (92.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 14880 bytes 957913 (935.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 560 bytes 49264 (48.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 560 bytes 49264 (48.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=
yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=
yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=
yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=
yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=9abced2c-1ebf-4a70-9ecc-fc9c9d14d01c
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=
yes
PEERDNS=
yes
PEERROUTES=
yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=
yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=
yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli device show eno16777736
GENERAL.设备: eno16777736
GENERAL.类型: ethernet
GENERAL.硬盘: 00:0C:29:C5:A0:8D
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.状态: 100 (连接的)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736
GENERAL.CON-PATH:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器: 开
IP4.地址[1]: 10.10.10.133
/24
IP4.网关: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.10.10.2
IP4.域[1]: localdomain
IP6.地址[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d
/64
IP6.网关:
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c5:a0:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 537996 bytes 673538844 (642.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 97698 bytes 6097864 (5.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 616 bytes 54280 (53.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 616 bytes 54280 (53.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
#----->大家可以测试下，重启网络服务对通过nmcli命令添加和减少的网卡信息是否有效，我这边测试是没有任何效果。
|
# 手动设置网关（如果网关没有进行配置）：
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 ipv4.gateway 10.10.10.2
# 手动设置DNS（如果DNS没有进行配置）：
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection modify eno16777736 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
[root@localhost ~]
# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli device
connect delete disconnect help show status wifi wimax
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli connection down eno16777736 ;nmcli connection up eno16777736
Connection
'eno16777736'
successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
)
成功激活的连接（D-Bus 激活路径：
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7
）
[root@localhost ~]
# nmcli device show eno16777736
GENERAL.设备: eno16777736
GENERAL.类型: ethernet
GENERAL.硬盘: 00:0C:29:C5:A0:8D
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.状态: 100 (连接的)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736
GENERAL.CON-PATH:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7
WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器: 开
IP4.地址[1]: 10.10.10.133
/24
IP4.网关: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.10.10.2
IP4.DNS[2]: 8.8.8.8
IP4.域[1]: localdomain
IP6.地址[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:a08d
/64
IP6.网关:
|
CentOS7下面有类似于CentOS6下面的setup工具的命令，nmtui命令
功能非常强大：可以管理IP的相关信息，添加子接口，桥接等。
本文转自 冰冻vs西瓜 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/molewan/1818861，如需转载请自行联系原作者
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