如何使用ASP.NET AJAX访问Web Services/WCF Services

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 19:19:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 19:19:35 发布

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Web Services

使用客户端script调用ASP.NET Web services (.asmx)和Windows Communication Foundation(WCF) services(.svc).脚本引用是自动添加到页面上的,并且他们自动产生Web service proxy类,你就从这里使用客户端脚本调用Web service.

你还能访问ASP.NET Web Servicce 不使用ASP.NET AJAX 服务端控件(如,如果你使用不同的Web开发环境).这样做,在页面上你能动手包括引用Microsoft AJAX Library,引用脚本文件,并且相应自己的Web service.在运行时,ASP.NET产生代理类调用服务.

ASP.NET Web services是组件下的一个方法调用HTTP.在下面你学习怎样创建一个Web service和怎样使用客户端脚本在一个AJAX-enabled Web application中调用WebSerice.

Using Web Services in ASP.NET AJAX

其实 ASP.NET AJAX使用客户端脚本调用服务,这个服务中既有自己定义的服务也有构建在应用程序服务.应用程序服务在ASP.NET AJAX 中也有所他提供,并包括authentication, roles, and profile services.

在ASP.NET Web Services也自定义创建Web Services,或Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services (.svc services).

一:使用场景:

你使用WCF和ASP.NET有下面case:

    a:如果你已经创建WCF服务,你能添加进入终端的AJAX-enabled Web pages中允许访问服务,
    b:如果你已经创建ASP.NET Web (.asmx) services,你能修改他们允许使用脚本访问同样的服务.
    c:如果你要使用ASP.NET AJAX Web pages上使用脚本访问你自己创建的自定义服务.你能像WCF service或an ASP.NET Web service样实现它.
    d:你能使用ASP.NET application构建的services去访问AJAX-enabled Web page用户的authentication, roles, and profile的信息.

二:背景

    在页面上的交流使用通过一个Web service communication层,使用AJAX技术产生Web service调用.数据在客户端和服务端异步交换,特别是在JSON格式上.

    (1)Client-Server Communication for AJAX Clients
    在AJAX-enabled Web pages上,浏览器向服务端制造一个初始化请求,并且为数据并发异步请求Web services.客户交流的主要元素是从服务端下载proxy类和core client-script library.服务端交流的主要元素是handlers和自定义services.下面图片显示这些元素在服务端与客户端之间交流被调用的情况.

    (2)AJAX Client Architecture
    浏览器被使用proxy类调用Web service方法.一个proxy(代理)类是在服务端自动产生的并且在页面加载时下载到浏览器.这个代理类提供一个客户端对象呈现暴露一个Web serice的方法.

    调用一个Web service方法,客户端脚本调用相应的代理类方法.而且调用是异步的,是通过XMLHTTP对象.

    Web service communication layer包括允许代理类产生服务调用的脚本类型库.

在代理服务类里面的代码和在核心Web Service交流层隐藏XMLHTTP的复杂性和不同浏览器的复杂性.简化客户端脚本调用Web service.

    (1)使用HTTP POST verb调用Web services.一个POST请求已经有一个包括浏览器发送到服务端的数据的主体.它没有大小的限制.因此,当数据大小超过一个GET 请求的大小时候你仍然能使用POST请求.在客户端serializes请求进入JSON格式并且发送像POST数据样的到服务端.服务端deserializesJSON数据进入.NET Framework类型并制造真正的Web service调用.在这个期间响应,服务端serializes或返回值和并返回到客户端,在客户端通过deserializes他们成为JavaScript objects.

    (2)使用HTTP GET verb调用Web services.类似一个POST请求的功能.
        a:这个cilent使用一个查询字符串发送到参数到服务端.
        b:一个GET请求能一次只能调用调用一个Web service方法要使用ScriptMethodAttribute attribute标记一下.
        c:数据大小被限制就在于浏览允许URL的长度上.

下面是显示ASP.NET AJAX client 架构:

客户端架构包括在library里面的Web service communication layer和为服务下载到页面上的代理类.下面是单个元素的详细介绍:

    a:Custom Service Proxy Classes:这些由服务端自动产生并下载到客户端脚本组成的.代理类为在页面上使用WCF和ASMX中提供一个对象(那是,他们在ScriptManager control 的ServiceReferences中为每一个项提供元素).
    b:Authentication Proxy Class.Authentication Proxy Class由服务端的authentication 应用程序服务产生.它允许用户登陆或注销通过JavaScript做这件事情不需要往返服务器端.
    C:Role Proxy Class:RoleService proxy Class是由server roles application service产生.它允许你分组用户和将用户分组成一个单元,通过JavaScript做这件事情不需要往返服务器端.这能使用在授权或拒绝访问服务端资源.

    D:Profile Proxy Class:ProfileService Class.是由server ProfileService application service产生.它允许你当前用户的资料信息到达客户端通过JavaScript做这件事情不需要往返服务器端.
    E:Page Methods Proxy Class:为在ASP.NET页面上客户端脚本调用静态方法提供底层架构.如果他们是Web service方法.

    F:Web Service Communication Layer.这是一个库包括客户端脚本类型.这些类型允许浏览器与服务器端使用服务交流.他们还保护客户端应用程序设置的复杂性.和维护客户端和服务端的异步交流.他们封装浏览器提供异步兼容的XMLHTTP对象.并且授权使用得客户端应用程序不受浏览器的约束.下面主要Web service communication layer元素.

           (1)WebRequest: 提供客户端功能产生一个Web ruquest.
           (2)WebRequestManager: 这个是使用关联执行对象的WebRequest object管理Web requests 发行的流程.
            (3)XmlHttpExecutor:使用浏览器的XMLHTTP制造一个异步网络请求.
            (4)JSON Serialization:这是serializes JavaScript objects成为JSON格式.使用JavaScript eval function就能Deserialization.
            (5)XML Serialization:Web service communication layer支持XML serialization 对SOAP请求 Web services和从一个JSON请求一个Web service返回XML类型.

三:事例

在下面是怎样调用ASP.NET和WCF服务.从客户端脚本调用应用程序服务是提供在其他部分.

(1)使用AJAX调用Web Service方法.

.NET Framework 授权你使用客户端浏览器异步调用ASP.NET Web services(.asmx)方法.在页面能调用基于服务端方法不需要postback和不刷新页面.因为只有数据在客户端与服务端传输.

@ Page Language="C#" %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >

< html >

< head id ="Head1" runat ="server" >

< style type ="text/css" >

body {

}{ font: 11pt Trebuchet MS;

font-color: #000000;

padding-top: 72px;

text-align: center }

.text {

}{ font: 8pt Trebuchet MS }

</ style >

< title > Simple Web Service </ title >

< script type ="text/javascript" >

// This function calls the Web Service method.

function GetServerTime()

{

Samples.AspNet.ServerTime.GetServerTime(OnSucceeded);

}

// This is the callback function that

// processes the Web Service return value.

function OnSucceeded(result)

{

var RsltElem = document.getElementById("Results");

RsltElem.innerHTML = result;

}

</ script >

</ head >

< body >

< form id ="Form1" runat ="server" >

< asp:ScriptManager runat ="server" ID ="scriptManager" >

< Services >

< asp:ServiceReference path ="ServerTime.asmx" />

</ Services >

</ asp:ScriptManager >

< div >

< h2 > Server Time </ h2 >

< p > Calling a service that returns the current server time. </ p >

< input id ="EchoButton" type ="button"

value ="GetTime" onclick ="GetServerTime()" />

</ div >

</ form >

< hr />

< div >

< span id ="Results" ></ span >

</ div >

</ body >

</ html >

下面是WebService

<% @ WebService Language = " C# " Class = " Samples.AspNet.ServerTime " %>

using System;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Services;

using System.Xml;

using System.Web.Services.Protocols;

using System.Web.Script.Services;

namespace Samples.AspNet

{

[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]

[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]

[ScriptService]

public class ServerTime : System.Web.Services.WebService

{

[WebMethod]

public string GetServerTime()

{

return String.Format("The server time is {0}.",

DateTime.Now);

}

(2)从AJAX客户端产生HTTP请求

你还能最低级别的使用客户端脚本调用Web service.如果你有管理communication layer或调查来服务端的发送数据.你就使用WebRequest类去调用Web服务.

下面是怎样使用WebRequest对象实现GET和POST Web请求连接详细指定的URLs.

// ConnectingEndPoints.js

var resultElement;

function pageLoad()

{

resultElement = $get("ResultId");

}

// This function performs a GET Web request.

function GetWebRequest()

{

alert("Performing Get Web request.");

// Instantiate a WebRequest.

var wRequest = new Sys.Net.WebRequest();

// Set the request URL.

wRequest.set_url("getTarget.htm");

alert("Target Url: getTarget.htm");

// Set the request verb.

wRequest.set_httpVerb("GET");

// Set the request callback function.

wRequest.add_completed(OnWebRequestCompleted);

// Clear the results area.

resultElement.innerHTML = "";

// Execute the request.

wRequest.invoke();

}

// This function performs a POST Web request.

function PostWebRequest()

{

alert("Performing Post Web request.");

// Instantiate a WebRequest.

var wRequest = new Sys.Net.WebRequest();

// Set the request URL.

wRequest.set_url("postTarget.aspx");

alert("Target Url: postTarget.aspx");

// Set the request verb.

wRequest.set_httpVerb("POST");

// Set the request handler.

wRequest.add_completed(OnWebRequestCompleted);

// Set the body for he POST.

var requestBody =

"Message=Hello! Do you hear me?";

wRequest.set_body(requestBody);

wRequest.get_headers()["Content-Length"] =

requestBody.length;

// Clear the results area.

resultElement.innerHTML = "";

// Execute the request.

wRequest.invoke();

}

// This callback function processes the

// request return values. It is called asynchronously

// by the current executor.

function OnWebRequestCompleted(executor, eventArgs)

{

if(executor.get_responseAvailable())

{

// Clear the previous results.

resultElement.innerHTML = "";

// Display Web request status.

resultElement.innerHTML +=

"Status: [" + executor.get_statusCode() + " " +

executor.get_statusText() + "]" + "<br/>";

// Display Web request headers.

resultElement.innerHTML +=

"Headers: ";

resultElement.innerHTML +=

executor.getAllResponseHeaders() + "<br/>";

// Display Web request body.

resultElement.innerHTML +=

"Body:";

if(document.all)

resultElement.innerText +=

executor.get_responseData();

else

resultElement.textContent +=

executor.get_responseData();

}

if ( typeof (Sys) !== " #ff0000 " ) Sys.Application.notifyScriptLoaded();

(3)Calling WCF Service Operations in AJAX

你能使用脚本异步调用调用 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services (.svc).下面是怎样调用Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services

@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >

< html >

< head runat ="server" >

< style type ="text/css" >

body {

}{ font: 11pt Trebuchet MS;

font-color: #000000;

padding-top: 72px;

text-align: center }

.text {

}{ font: 8pt Trebuchet MS }

</ style >

< title > Simple WCF Service Page </ title >

</ head >

< body >

< form id ="form1" runat ="server" >

< asp:ScriptManager ID ="ScriptManager1" runat ="server" >

< Services >

< asp:ServiceReference

Path ="SimpleService.svc/ws" />

</ Services >

< Scripts >

<asp:ScriptReference Path="service.js" />

</ Scripts >

</ asp:ScriptManager >

< div >

< h2 > Simple WCF Service </ h2 >

< input type ='button' name ="clickme" value ="Greetings"

onclick ="javascript:OnClick()" />    

< input type ='button' name ="clickme2" value ="Greetings2"

onclick ="javascript:OnClick2()" />

< hr />

< div >

< span id ="Results" ></ span >

</ div >

</ form >

</ body >

</ html >

var ServiceProxy;

function pageLoad()

{

ServiceProxy = new ISimpleService();

ServiceProxy.set_defaultSucceededCallback(SucceededCallback);

}

function OnClick()

{

// var myService = new ISimpleService();

ServiceProxy.HelloWorld1("George");

}

function OnClick2()

{

var dc = new DataContractType();

dc.FirstName = "George";

dc.LastName = "Washington";

ServiceProxy.HelloWorld2(dc);

}

// This is the callback function that

// processes the Web Service return value.

function SucceededCallback(result, userContext, methodName)

{

var RsltElem = document.getElementById("Results");

RsltElem.innerHTML = result + " from " + methodName + ".";

}

if ( typeof (Sys) !== " undefined " ) Sys.Application.notifyScriptLoaded();

using System;

using System.Web;

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Threading;

using System.Xml;

using System.Xml.Serialization;

using System.Text;

using System.IO;

using System.Runtime.Serialization;

using System.ServiceModel;

using System.ServiceModel.Description;

using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;

using System.ServiceModel.Channels;

using System.ServiceModel.Activation;

// This a WCF service which consists of a contract,

// defined below as ISimpleService, and DataContractType,

// a class which implements that interface, see SimpleService,

// and configuration entries that specify behaviors associated with

// that implementation (see <system.serviceModel> in web.config)

namespace Aspnet.Samples

{

[ServiceContract()]

public interface ISimpleService

{

[OperationContract]

string HelloWorld1(string value1);

[OperationContract]

string HelloWorld2(DataContractType dataContractValue1);

}

[ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)]

[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]

public class SimpleService : ISimpleService

{

public SimpleService()

{ }

public string HelloWorld1(string value1)

{

return "Hello " + value1;

}

public string HelloWorld2(DataContractType dataContractValue1)

{

return "Hello " + dataContractValue1.FirstName +

" " + dataContractValue1.LastName;

}

[DataContract]

public class DataContractType

{

string firstName;

string lastName;

[DataMember]

public string FirstName

{

get

{ return firstName; }

set

{ firstName = value; }

}

[DataMember]

public string LastName

{

get

{ return lastName; }

set

{ lastName = value; }

}

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