介绍一下TSQL与PL/SQL的区别
1)数据类型
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
numeric(p,s) | numeric(p,s) or NUMBER(p,s) | |
decimal(p,s) | decimal(p,s) or NUMBER(p,s) | |
char(m) | Char(m) | |
varchar(m) | varchar2(m) | |
datetime | date | |
记录 | Record | |
表字段 | %type | |
表记录 | %rowtype | |
表 | Table | |
自动增长变量 | AUTOINCREMENT |
2)变量声明、赋值与引用
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
声明 | declare @ls_casher char(1), @ln_payAmt decimal(14,4) | declare on_hand INTEGER; ls_casher char(1); |
赋值 | select @ls_casher = 'A' | ls_casher:=’A’; |
引用 | if @ ls_casher = 'A' … | if ls_casher = 'A' then … |
在SQL语句中赋值 | SELECT @ls_casher=sal FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id; | SELECT sal INTO ls_casher FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id; |
在SQL语句中引用 | SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal = @ls_casher; | SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal = ls_casher; |
3)函数与操作符
字符串
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
连接 | + | || |
TRIM | LTRIM、RTRIM | |
SUBSTRING | SUBSTR、SUBSTRB | |
INSTR、INSTRB | ||
right(str,n) | substr(str,-n) |
日期
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
系统日期 | getdate() | SYSDATE |
空值判断与处理
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
判断 | IS NULL | IS NULL |
空值替换 | Isnull(para,0) | NVL(para,0) REPLACE(old_string, NULL, my_string)
|
转换
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
字符->日期 | Convert(datetime, expr, style) | To_Date(format, expr) |
字符<-日期、数值 | Convert(char(n), expr, style) | To_char(expr,format) |
数值 | To_Number() |
语句
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
statement block | BEGIN...END | BEGIN...END; |
conditional | 1) IF…ELSE… 2) IF…ELSE IF…else… 3) CASE | 1)IF..then...ELSE…end if; 2)If…then… elsif…else…endif 3)decode |
Repeat | WHILE Boolean_expression {statement_block} [BREAK] {statement_block} [CONTINUE]
| 1)Loop …exit;…end loop; 2)loop…exit when…end loop; 3)WHILE condition LOOP sequence_of_statements; EXIT WHEN boolean_expression; END LOOP; 3)for…in [reverse]…loop … end loop; |
GOTO | GOTO label … label: … | GOTO label; … <<label>> … |
Exits unconditionally | RETURN | Return; |
Sets a delay for statement execution | WAITFOR | |
Comment | -- /*…*/ | -- /*…*/ |
PRINT string | Set serveroutput on dbms_output.put_line(string); | |
RAISERROR | RAISERROR | |
EXECUTE | EXECUTE | |
NULL statement | NULL; |
4)cursor
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
DECLARE | DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR [LOCAL | GLOBAL] [FORWARD_ONLY | SCROLL] [STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD] [READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC] [TYPE_WARNING] FOR select_statement [FOR UPDATE [OF column_name [,...n]]] | DECLARE CURSOR cursor_name IS SELECT_statement; |
open | Open cursor_name | Open cursor_name; |
Fetch | Fetch cursor_name into var1,var2… | Fetch cursor_name into var1,var2… || %rowtype_var; |
Close | Close cursor_name | Close cursor_name; |
Attribute | @@FETCH_STATUS @@CURSOR_ROWS CURSOR_STATUS | %found %notfound %isopen %rowcount |
DEALLOCATE | DEALLOCATE cursor_name | |
隐式cursor | Select…into (仅可处理单行记录) | |
5)trigger
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
创建 | CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name ON table [WITH ENCRYPTION] {FOR {[DELETE][,][INSERT][,] [UPDATE] } AS sql_statement [...n] } | Create or replace trigger t_name {before|after}{insert|update|delete} on table_name [for each row [when conditional] … |
类型(按触发级别和时序) | 语句 after | 行或语句 before or after |
访问数据操纵行的值 | 通过表Inserted、Deleted访问 | 通过记录 :New、 :Old访问,仅可用于行级触发器 |
谓词/函数/属性 | Inserting、updating、deleteing Updating(col) | Update(col) |
使能 | Alter table tabname {disable|enable} trigger {t_name|all} | Alter trigger t_name {disable|enable} |
限制 | 作为触发语句的一部分,不可用事务控制命令 不能声明和使用LONG、LONG RAW变量和列 | |
删除 | Drop trigger t_name | Drop trigger t_name; |
6)procedure
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
创建 | CREATE PROCEDURE] p_name [ {@parameter data_type} [VARYING] [= default] [OUTPUT] ] [,...n] [WITH { RECOMPILE | ENCRYPTION | RECOMPILE, ENCRYPTION } ] AS sql_statement [...n] | Create or replace procedure p_name [Para1 {in|out|inout} datatype[,…] [{:=|default} default_value]] {IS|AS} … |
查询 | ||
删除 | DROP PROCEDURE p_name | DROP PROCEDURE p_name; |
调用 | EXEC p_name [para1[,…]] | P_name[(para1[,…])]; |
参数 | 按位置传递 | 1)按位置传递 2)带名传递 P_name(para1=>var1);
debit_account(amount => 500, acct_id => 10261); |
7)数据字典/系统表
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
系统对象表 | Dbo.sysobjects | User_source、User_objects(OBJ)、User_tables(TABS)、User_triggers、ALL_tables、All_View、All_catalog、All_objects |
对象脚本 | sp_helptext | DESC、ALL_source |
用户表 | Sysusers | All_users |
表列 | All_tab_columns | |
依赖 | All_dependencies | |
字典表说明 | DICT |
8)SQL
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
Select | Select @var=<value>
| Select value into var from dual
|
Insert | insert / insert into | insert into |
Delete | ||
比较 | Any, some, all | |
集合 | Union、Union all、Intersect、Minus、 |
9)全局变量
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
语句执行成功 | error | SQLCODE |
select 是否有结果 | exists | select...into + SQL%FOUND |
10) 命令行查询工具
ISQL | SQL PLUS | |
读取、执行SQL文件 | Isql –Usa –Ppass –Shost –ifile | sqlplus [-s] user/pass@db -@filename |
11) 杂项
TSQL | PL/SQL | |
锁 | 在SQL语句中 Insert…With tablock Insert…With Tablockx Select…for update Select…for readonly 独立语句 set transcation isolation level to Read uncommited
| 在SQL语句中 select …for update of…;
独立语句 lock table tabname in row share mode; lock table tabname in share exclusive mode;
|
用户连接数 | ||
数据库文件 | Device | Tablespace
CREATE TABLESPACE testdb DATAFILE 'C:/ORANT/DATABASE/testdb.ORA' SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 2M; CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB_TESTDB" TABLESPACE "TESTDB"; ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB_TESTDB" ONLINE;
|
显示DML执行计划 | Show plan | Explain plan |
保留点 | ¨ Save transcation Sp_name ¨ ROLLBACK TRANSACTION percentchanged | ¨ Savepoint Sp_name ¨ Rollback to savepoint sp_name |
对模式对象改名 | Rename | |
分析对象 | Analyze | Sp_help? |
1. select into 语法
现在有表
tablea
(
cola int ,
colb varchar(20)
)
要把tablea中满足条件(cola <100)的记录生成新的表tableb。
在ms sqlserver 可以直接用select into语法:
select * into tableb
where cola < 100
在oracle中语法如下:
create table tableb
as
(
select * from tablea
where cola <100
)
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/oneprog/2049871