Structs+Spring+Hibernate快速入门

    Structs+Spring+Hibernate ，这是很经典的一个搭配，它的开发流程也比较程式化，下面以用户注册为例。
    注册页面代码：

<% @page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" %>
< html >  
< head >< title > Spring、Struts和Hibernate整合之用户注册 </ title ></ head >  
< body > ${msg}
     < form  name ="user"  action ="/myHibernate/regedit.do"  method ="post" >  
        用户名  < input  type ="text"  name ="username"  value ="${user.username}" />< br >  
密  码  < input  type ="password"  name ="password"  value ="${user.password}" />< br >
         < input  type ="submit"  name ="method"  value ="提交" />  
     </ form >  
</ body >  
</ html >

  实体 Bean 类：

package  com.myHibernate.bean;
public   class  User1  {
//    定义id
    private String id = null;
    //定义用户名
    private String username = null;
    //定义密码
    private String password = null;
    //设定id
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    //获取id
    public String getId() {
        return this.id;
    }
    //设定用户名
    public void setUsername (String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    //获取用户名
    public String getUsername () {
        return this.username;
    }
    //设定密码
    public void setPassword (String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    //获取密码
    public String getPassword () {
        return this.password;
    }

}

    对应的映射文件 User.hbm.xml:

<? xml version="1.0" ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
< hibernate-mapping  package ="com.myHibernate.bean" >
   < class  name ="User"  table ="user" >
   <!-- 定义id -->    
   < id  name ="id"  column ="id" >
             < generator  class ="native" />
         </ id >
       <!-- 定义用户名 -->
       < property  name ="username" />
       <!-- 定义密码 -->    
       < property  name ="password" />
   </ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >

    用户 DAO 接口：

package  com.myHibernate.dao;
import  com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public   interface  UserDAO  {
    //查询用户
    public abstract User queryUser(String name);
    //新增用户
    public abstract void insertUser(User user);
    //修改用户
    public abstract void updateUser(User user);
    //删除用户
    public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
}

  用户 DAO 接口实现类：

package  com.myHibernate.dao.impl;
import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import  com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import  com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
public   class  UserDAOImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDAO {
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private String hql = "from User u where u.username = ?";
    //查询用户
    public User queryUser(String name) {
        User user = null;
        //如果查询结果为空
        if (this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name) == null ) {
            user = null;
        } else {
            //不为空时，取第一笔
            user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql, name).get(0);
        }
        return user;
    }
    //新增用户
    public void insertUser(User user) {
        this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
    }
    //修改用户
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user);
    }
    //删除用户
    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        this.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
    }
}

注册的业务逻辑接口：

package  com.myHibernate.domain;
import  com.myHibernate.bean.User;
public   interface  Regedit  {
    //保存用户
    public abstract void saveUser(User user);
    //修改用户
    public abstract void updateUser(User user);
    //删除用户
    public abstract void deleteUser(User user);
    //获取是否保存成功的消息
    public abstract String getMsg();
}

  注册的业务逻辑实现：

package  com.myHibernate.domain.impl;

import  com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import  com.myHibernate.dao.UserDAO;
import  com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;

public   class  RegeditImpl  implements  Regedit {
    private String msg;
    private UserDAO userDao;
    //保存用户
    public void saveUser(User user) {
        userDao.insertUser(user);
        msg = "保存成功";
    }
    //修改用户
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        userDao.updateUser(user);
    }
    //删除用户
    public void deleteUser(User user) {
        userDao.deleteUser(user);
    }
    //获取是否保存成功的消息
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @返回userDao
     */
    public UserDAO getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @注入userDao
     */
    public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
}

  用户注册控制器类：

package  com.myHibernate.action;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
// 导入struts包
import  org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import  org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

import  com.myHibernate.bean.User;
import  com.myHibernate.domain.Regedit;
// 继承action    
public   class  RegeditAction  extends  Action  {
    //定义接口Regedit
    private Regedit regedit;
    //获取值
      public Regedit getRegedit () {
            return regedit;
      }
      //依赖注入值
     public void setRegedit (Regedit regedit) { 
            this.regedit = regedit;
      }
    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest  request, HttpServletResponse response)  throws Exception {   
        //获取用户提交的信息
        User user = (User)form;
        //保存用户提交的信息    
        getRegedit().saveUser(user);
        //将用户提交的信息和是否保存成功的信息存放在request中
        request.setAttribute("user", user);
        request.setAttribute("msg", regedit.getMsg());
        //返回页面
        return mapping.findForward("regedit");
    }
}

  下面是配置文件方面，首先是 Hibernate 的配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml ，定义了访问数据库所需要的一些值：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd" >
< hibernate-configuration >
     < session-factory >
         < property  name ="hibernate.connection.driver_class" > com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernate.connection.url" > jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernate.connection.username" > root </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </ property >
         < property  name ="show_sql" > true </ property >
         < mapping  resource ="com/myHibernate/bean/User.hbm.xml" />
     </ session-factory >
</ hibernate-configuration >

然后是Spring的配置文件spring-config.xml：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
< beans >
     <!-- 定义数据源 -->
     < bean  id ="dataSource"
       class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
       destroy-method ="close" >
        <!-- 设定驱动 -->
        < property  name ="driverClassName" >
            < value > com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </ value >
        </ property >
        <!-- 设定url -->
        < property  name ="url" >
            < value > jdbc:mysql://localhost/myHibernate </ value >
        </ property >
        <!-- 设定用户名 -->
        < property  name ="username" >
            < value > root </ value >
        </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 通过org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean建立联系 -->
   < bean  id ="sessionFactory"
      class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property  name ="dataSource" >
            < ref  local ="dataSource"   />
        </ property >
        <!-- 定义要使用的映射文件 -->
        < property  name ="mappingResources" >
            < list >
               < value > com\myHibernate\bean\User.hbm.xml </ value >
            </ list >
        </ property >
        <!-- 定义要使用的方言和是否显示sql -->
        < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
         < props >
            < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </ prop >
            < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ prop >
         </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 这里添加对事务处理的支持，当然也可以不用 -->
   < bean  id ="transactionManager"
      class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property  name ="sessionFactory" >
            < ref  local ="sessionFactory"   />
        </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 表示要将下面定义的userDao置于事务处理之下 -->
   < bean  id ="userDaoProxy"
      class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
      < property  name ="transactionManager" >
          < ref  bean ="transactionManager"   />
      </ property >
      <!-- 要代理userDao -->
      < property  name ="target" >
          < ref  local ="userDao"   />
      </ property >
     <!-- 定义不同情况下，事务处理的方式 -->
      < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >
          < props >
             < prop  key ="create*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             < prop  key ="update*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             < prop  key ="delete*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             < prop  key ="query*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly </ prop >
          </ props >
      </ property >
    </ bean >
    <!-- 定义userDao -->
   < bean  id ="userDao"  class ="com.myHibernate.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" >
        < property  name ="sessionFactory" >
            < ref  local ="sessionFactory"   />
        </ property >
   </ bean >
     <!-- 定义regedit，将UserDAO进行注入 -->
     < bean  id ="regedit"  class ="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.RegeditImpl" >
         < property  name ="userDao" >
            < ref  local ="userDao"   />
        </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 定义login，将UserDAO进行注入 -->
     < bean  id ="login"  class ="com.myHibernate.domain.impl.LoginImpl" >
         < property  name ="userDao" >
            < ref  local ="userDao"   />
        </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 定义和Struts相应的映射，将regedit进行注入 -->
     < bean  name ="/regedit"  class ="com.myHibernate.action.RegeditAction" >
      < property  name ="regedit" >
         < ref  bean ="regedit" />
      </ property >
     </ bean >
     <!-- 定义和Struts相应的映射，将login进行注入 -->
     < bean  name ="/login"  class ="com.myHibernate.action.LoginAction" >
      < property  name ="login" >
         < ref  bean ="login" />
      </ property >
     </ bean >
</ beans >

  然后是 Struts 的配置文件 struts-config.xml:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd" >
< struts-config > <!-- 定义formbean --> < form-beans >< form-bean  name ="user"  type ="com.myHibernate.bean.User" /></ form-beans >
     < action-mappings >
     <!-- 定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径 -->
         < action  path ="/regedit"  type ="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy"  name ="user" >
             < forward  name ="regedit"  path ="/jsp/regedit.jsp" />
         </ action >
         <!-- 定义初次访问时的路径 -->
         < action  path ="/input"
            type ="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
            parameter ="/jsp/regedit.jsp" />
         <!-- 定义和SPring配置文件相同的路径 -->
         < action  path ="/login"
            type ="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy"  name ="user" >
              < forward  name ="login"  path ="/jsp/login.jsp" />
         </ action >
         <!-- 定义初次访问时的路径 -->
         < action  path ="/loginTemp"
            type ="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"
            parameter ="/jsp/login.jsp" />
     </ action-mappings >
     <!-- 注册ContextLoaderPlugIn插件 -->
     < plug-in  className ="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn" >
           < set-property  property ="contextConfigLocation"  value ="/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml"   />
     </ plug-in >
</ struts-config >

  最后是 Web 应用程序配置文件 web.xml:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  version ="2.4"  
 xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"  
 xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
 xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
     < servlet >
         < servlet-name > actionServlet </ servlet-name >
         < servlet-class > org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet </ servlet-class >
         <!-- 初始参数 -->
         < init-param >
             < param-name > config </ param-name >
             < param-value > /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml </ param-value >         
         </ init-param >
         < load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup >
</ servlet >   
<!-- 处理所有后缀为do的请求 -->
     < servlet-mapping >
          < servlet-name > actionServlet </ servlet-name >
          < url-pattern > *.do </ url-pattern >
     </ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >

    可以看到， MVC 的三层架构思路很清晰，但缺点也很明显，配置文件太过于冗杂， CRUD 代码随处冗余，不够简约，下一篇文章中我们将见识到一个解决这个问题的优秀框架 —SpringSide 。