一.BroadcastReceiver简介
BraodcastReceiver(广播接收器)是为了实现系统广播而提供的一种组件,它和事件处理机制类似,但是事件处理机制是程序组件级别的,而广播事件处理机制是系统级别的。比如,我们可以发出一种广播来测试手机电量的变化,这时候就可以定义一个BraodcastReceiver来接受广播,当手机电量较低时提示用户。我们既可以用Intent来启动一个组件,也可以用sendBroadcast()方法发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递消息。我们同样可以在自己的应用程序中实现BroadcastReceiver来监听和响应广播的Intent。
在程序中使用BraodcastReceiver是比较简单的。首先要定义一个类继承BraodcastReceiver,并且覆盖onReceiver()方法来响应事件。然后注册在程序中BraodcastReceiver。最后构建Intent对象调用sendBroadcast()方法将广播发出。
二.BroadcastReceiver的注册方式
1.静态注册方式
静态注册方式是在AndroidManifest.xml的application里面定义receiver并设置要接收的action。静态注册方式的特点:不管改应用程序是否处于活动状态,都会进行监听,比如某个程序时监听
下面是具体的例子:
MainActivity.java
- package com.android.broadcast;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity{
- //定义action常量
- protected static final String ACTION = "com.android.broadcast.RECEIVER_ACTION";
- //定义Button对象
- private Button btnBroadcast;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- btnBroadcast=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBroadcast);
- //为按钮设置单击监听器
- btnBroadcast.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v){
- //实例化Intent
- Intent intent=new Intent();
- //设置Intent的action属性
- intent.setAction(ACTION);
- //发出广播
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
- });
- }
- }
在“com.android.broadcast”包中定义一个MyReceiver类,继承于BroadcastReceiver,覆盖onReceive()方法。
MyReceiver.java
- package com.android.broadcast;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- //定义日志标签
- private static final String TAG = "Test";
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
- //输出日志信息
- Log.i(TAG, "MyReceiver onReceive--->");
- }
- }
main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnBroadcast"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="发送Broadcast"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
在AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中16~20行声明receiver
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.android.broadcast"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0">
- <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
- android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="com.android.broadcast.RECEIVER_ACTION"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>
- </manifest>
效果图:
当我们点击按钮的时候,程序会调用onReceive()方法,LogCat输出信息如下:
2.动态注册方式
动态注册方式在activity里面调用函数来注册,和静态的内容差不多。一个形参是receiver,另一个是IntentFilter,其中里面是要接收的action。动态注册方式特点:在代码中进行注册后,当应用程序关闭后,就不再进行监听。
下面是具体的例子:
MainActivity.java
- package com.android.broadcast;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity{
- //定义Action常量
- protected static final String ACTION = "com.android.broadcast.RECEIVER_ACTION";
- private Button btnBroadcast;
- private Button registerReceiver;
- private Button unregisterReceiver;
- private MyReceiver receiver;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- btnBroadcast=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBroadcast);
- //创建事件监听器
- btnBroadcast.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v){
- Intent intent=new Intent();
- intent.setAction(ACTION);
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
- });
- registerReceiver=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnregisterReceiver);
- //创建事件监听器
- registerReceiver.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v){
- receiver=new MyReceiver();
- IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter();
- filter.addAction(ACTION);
- //动态注册BroadcastReceiver
- registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
- }
- });
- unregisterReceiver=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnunregisterReceiver);
- //创建事件监听器
- unregisterReceiver.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v){
- //注销BroadcastReceiver
- unregisterReceiver(receiver);
- }
- });
- }
- }
在“com.android.broadcast”包中定义一个MyReceiver类,继承于BroadcastReceiver,覆盖onReceive()方法。
MyReceiver.java
- package com.android.broadcast;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
- //定义日志标签
- private static final String TAG = "Test";
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
- //输出日志信息
- Log.i(TAG, "MyReceiver onReceive--->");
- }
- }
main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- >
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnBroadcast"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="发送广播"
- />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnregisterReceiver"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="注册广播接收器"
- />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btnunregisterReceiver"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="注销广播接听器"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
效果图:
①当我们首先点击按钮的时候,因为程序没有注册BraodcastReceiver,所以LogCat没有输出任何信息。
②当我们先点击再点击按钮的时候,这时程序会动态的注册BraodcastReceiver,之后会调用onReceive()方法,LogCat输出信息如下:
③当我们点击按钮的时候,这时程序会注销BraodcastReceiver,再点击,LogCat没有输出任何信息。
三.BroadcastReceiver 的生命周期
一个BroadcastReceiver 对象只有在被调用onReceive(Context, Intent)的才有效的,当从该函数返回后,该对象就无效的了,结束生命周期。
本文转自 lingdududu 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liangruijun/655885