import hashlib
#obj = hashlib.md5(bytes('',encoding='utf-8'))
obj=hashlib.md5(bytes('123',encoding='utf-8'))
result = obj.hexdigest()
print(result)

hashlib

用于加密相关的操作，代替了md5模块和sha模块，主要提供 SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 ，MD5 算法

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import hashlib
 
# ######## md5 ########
hash = hashlib.md5()
# help(hash.update)
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' , encoding = 'utf-8' ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())
print ( hash .digest())
 
 
######## sha1 ########
 
hash = hashlib.sha1()
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' , encoding = 'utf-8' ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())
 
# ######## sha256 ########
 
hash = hashlib.sha256()
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' , encoding = 'utf-8' ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())
 
 
# ######## sha384 ########
 
hash = hashlib.sha384()
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' , encoding = 'utf-8' ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())
 
# ######## sha512 ########
 
hash = hashlib.sha512()
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' , encoding = 'utf-8' ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())

以上加密算法虽然依然非常厉害，但时候存在缺陷，即：通过撞库可以反解。所以，有必要对加密算法中添加自定义key再来做加密。

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import hashlib
 
# ######## md5 ########
 
hash = hashlib.md5(bytes( '898oaFs09f' ,encoding = "utf-8" ))
hash .update(bytes( 'admin' ,encoding = "utf-8" ))
print ( hash .hexdigest())

python内置还有一个 hmac 模块，它内部对我们创建 key 和 内容 进行进一步的处理然后再加密

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import hmac
 
h = hmac.new(bytes( '898oaFs09f' ,encoding = "utf-8" ))
h.update(bytes( 'admin' ,encoding = "utf-8" ))
print (h.hexdigest())