同步/异步、串行/并发

同步 + 串行

NSLog(@"mainThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("ArkMu", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
    
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    NSLog(@"Sky3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果：

结果分析：串行队列同步执行， 任务在当前线程(主线程 / 子线程)中按序执行。

同步 + 并发

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("ArkMu", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
    NSLog(@"Sky3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果:

结果分析：并发队列同步执行，任务在当前线程(主线程 / 子线程)按序进行。

异步 + 串行

NSLog(@"mainThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    
dispatch_queue_attr_t attr = dispatch_queue_attr_make_with_qos_class(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL, QOS_CLASS_UTILITY, 0);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("ArkMu", attr);

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Thread1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Thread2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    NSLog(@"Thread3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果:

结果分析：串行队列异步执行，开辟子线程(number = 2)，队列中任务的派发在子线程中进行，因为是串行队列，任务按序进行，所以只开辟一条线程(number = 3);

异步 + 并发

NSLog(@"mainThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);

dispatch_queue_attr_t attr = dispatch_queue_attr_make_with_qos_class(DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT, QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("ArkMu", attr);

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Thread1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Thread2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(queue, ^{
    NSLog(@"Thread3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果:

结果分析：并发队列异步执行，开辟子线程(number = 2)，并发队列任务的派发在子线程(number = 2)中进行，因为是并发，会同时开辟多条子线程，一个任务对应一个线程。

异步 + 主队列

NSLog(@"mainThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    NSLog(@"Sky3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果:

结果分析：主队列是串行队列。任务在当前线程(主线程 / 子线程)中按序执行。

异步 + 全局

NSLog(@"mainThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    sleep(2.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky1: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
    
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    sleep(1.0);
    NSLog(@"Sky2: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
    
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    NSLog(@"Sky3: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果:

结果分析：全局队列是并发队列，队列中的每个任务都开辟一条子线程。

同步 + 主队列

dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    NSLog(@"thread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
});
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运行结果: "BUG IN CLIENT OF LIBDISPATCH: dispatch_sync called on queue already owned by current thread"

对以上情况进行总结分析：

1. 同步：一个任务执行完成后执行下个任务，不开辟子线程，任务在当前线程下按序进行，不涉及并发，无论队列是串行队列还是并发队列。
2. 异步：多个任务可同时执行，开辟子线程，用于管理队列中任务的派发。如果是串行队列，则只会新开辟一条子线程，任务在子线程中按序执行；如果是并发，队列中的每个任务都会开辟一条与之对应的线程，达到并发执行的效果。
3. 同步 + 串行：任务的派发在主线程中进行，当前任务执行完，将任务从队列中移除，执行下个任务。主队列中的任务不受影响。
4. 同步 + 主队列：在主队列中同步派发任务，当前任务执行完后需要将任务移除，也就是自身把自身个移除，移除后无法执行新任务，报错。

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5af4e9d3518825673447139b