linux安装x windows系统,Ubuntu Server安装X-window

Ubuntu Server安装X-window

发布时间:2007-11-20 10:28:30来源:红联作者:rfusrdx

1.修改源，下面是我的source，注意的是有些要做gpg key

~#sudo vi /etc/apt/source.list

ps:推荐使用vi，gedit对我等的低配置机器是种折磨

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/backports/ breezy-extras main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/backports/ breezy-extras main restricted universe multiverse

#deb http://antesis.freecontrib.org/mirrors/ubuntu/plf/ breezy free non-free

#deb-src http://antesis.freecontrib.org/mirrors/ubuntu/plf/ breezy free non-free

# Automatically generated sources.list

# http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic

#

# If you get errors about missing keys, lookup the key in this file

# and run these commands (replace KEY with the key number)

#

# gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv KEY

# gpg --export --armor KEY | sudo apt-key add -

# Ubuntu supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

# Ubuntu supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

# Ubuntu community supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

# Ubuntu community supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse

deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

# Seveas' packages (packages, GPG key: 1135D466)

deb http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl breezy-seveas all

# Seveas' packages (sources, GPG key: 1135D466)

deb-src http://mirror2.ubuntulinux.nl breezy-seveas all

# Ubuntu backports project (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu backports project (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Cipherfunk multimedia packages (packages, GPG key: 33BAC1B3)

deb ftp://cipherfunk.org/pub/packages/ubuntu/ breezy main

# Cipherfunk multimedia packages (sources, GPG key: 33BAC1B3)

deb-src ftp://cipherfunk.org/pub/packages/ubuntu breezy main

# Osmo Salomas CVS amule packages (packages, GPG key: 70188C3B)

#deb http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu breezy

deb http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu/ breezy/

deb-src http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu/ breezy/

# Osmo Salomas CVS amule packages (sources, GPG key: 70188C3B)

#deb-src http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu breezy

2.升级系统

~#sudo apt-get update

~#sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3.设置本地locale

~#sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

确保zh_CN.UTF-8被选择，同时默认local也为zh_CN.UTF-8

4.安装X-window和fvwm

~#sudo apt-get install xerver-xorg

~#sudo apt-get install x-window-system-core

~#sudo apt-get install gdm

~#sudo apt-get install fvwm

我喜欢用xdm，但是fvwm总是init5进不了X

5.安装中文语言支持

~#sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh

6.安装中文字体

好象现在源里没有官方包的YuanTi，从下面的地址下载

http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/VeraSansYuanTi.tar.gz

~#sudo apt-cache search VeraSansYuanti

~#tar zxvf VeraSansYuanTi.tar.gz

~#sudo mv VeraSansYuanTi /usr/share/fonts/

~#sudo fc-cache -f

~#sudo cp /etc/fonts/fonts.conf /etc/fonts/fonts.conf.old

~#sudo cp /usr/share/fonts/VeraSansYuanTi/fonts.conf /etc/fonts/

7.安装输入法，我习惯用fcitx

~#sudo apt-get install fcitx

~#sudo sh -c " echo 'export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx ; export GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx" ; fcitx ' > /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput "

~#sudo chmod +755 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput

8. 设置LC_ALL和其它属性:

~#sudo vi /etc/environment

改为下面的内容：

LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh:en_US:en"

LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

GST_ID3_TAG_ENCODING=GBK

9.安装java

~#sudo apt-get install sun-j2re1.5

~#sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/j2re1.5-sun/bin/java /usr/bin/java

10.安装字典stardict

~#sudo apt-get install stardict stardict-common stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb

11.安装flash和ff的支持

~#sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla

12.安装P2P eMule客户端aMule

~#sudo apt-get install amule

手工添加最常用的aMule服务器列表

Razorback 2：195.245.244.243:4661

ID最好设置成[CHN][VeryCD]XXXX的样子

13.安装多媒体Codecs解码/编码器

~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-plugins

~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-lame

~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg

~#sudo apt-get install lame

~#sudo apt-get install sox

~#sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

~#sudo apt-get install mjpegtools

~#sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools

~#gst-register-0.8

w32codecs要自己找

14.安装多媒体播放器MPlayer和相应的ff插件

~#sudo apt-get install mplayer-k7

~#sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts

~#sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

~#sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup

~#sudo vi /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf

改：

vo=x11, # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for

为：

vo=xv, # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for

15.安装Realplayer

~#sudo apt-get install realplay

16.安装防火墙Firestarter

~#sudo apt-get install firestarter

17.安装压缩/解压缩程序unrar

~#sudo apt-get install rar

~#sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

18.安装显卡驱动NVIDIA

~#sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx-legacy

此处如果用的是如tnt2 pro的老显卡，就用legacy

~#sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

~#sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup

~#sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

如果要去掉登录时显示的nvidia的logo，编辑xorg.conf

~#sudo vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf

再Device段加上：

Option "NoLogo"

19.对于AMD的CPU，安装k7的内核(最好选择一个具体的内核)

~#sudo apt-get install linux-image-2.6.12-10-k7

~#sudo apt-get install linux-restricted-modules-2.6.12-10-k7-nvidia-legacy

PS：上面这一步很重要，否则安装nvidia legacy驱动后不能进入X-window

20.改变root的密码

~#sudo passwd root

21.禁用root帐号

~#sudo passwd -l root

22.关闭终端历史记录

~#rm -f $HOME/.bash_history

~#touch $HOME/.bash_history

~#chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

23.终端机模式下进行移除/覆盖文件/目录时，能有提示字串

在文件末尾添加：

~#sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

24.进入X-window后打开小键盘Num Lock

25.X.org 下 XMMS aMule 等 Gtk1 程序的中文解决

如果存在 /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN 这个文件

~#sudo cp /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN.utf-8

如果不存在，直接建立

~#sudo vi /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN.utf-8

# ＄(gtkconfigdir)/gtkrc.zh_CN

#

# This file defines the fontsets for Chinese language (zh) using

# the simplified chinese standard GuoBiao as in mainland China (CN)

#

# 1999, Pablo Saratxaga

#

style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {

fontset = "-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,

-*-*-medium-r-normal--16-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"

}

class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"