Effective C++目录中的C++编程条款

目录

译序(侯捷) v
目录(Contents) vii
前言(Preface) xiii
致谢(Acknowledgments. 中文版略) xvii
导读(Introduction) 001
改变旧有的C习惯(Shifting from C to C++) 013
条款1:尽量以 const 和enum, inline 取代 #define 013
Prefer const,enum and inline to #define.
条款2:尽可能使用const
Use const whenever possible

000515_z8nL_2011779.png

如果想实现三个数连乘呢?c++11里的右值引用是否能帮到什么忙?

No!并不需要任何变动,因为返回值是const并不会影响连乘!!!因为乘法本身要求的参数就是const,而且一般乘法中不应该对被乘数和乘数有任何修改,除非是*=。

001422_qOFk_2011779.png
条款3:尽量以 new 和 delete 取代 malloc() 和 free() 019
Prefer new and delete to malloc and free.
条款4:尽量使用 C++ 风格的注释形式 021
Prefer C++-style comments.

内存管理(Memory Management) 022
条款5:使用相同形式的 new 和 delete 023
Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete.
条款6:记得在 destructor 中以delete 对付 pointer members 024
Use delete on pointer members in destructors.
条款7:为内存不足的状况预做准备 025
Be prepared for out-of-memory conditions.
条款8:撰写 operator new 和 operator delete 时应遵行公约 033
Adhere to convention when writing operator new and operator delete.
条款9:避免遮掩了 new 的正规形式 037
Avoid hiding the "normal" form of new.
条款10:如果你写了一个operator new,
请对应也写一个operator delete 039
Write operator delete if you write operator new.

构造函数、析构函数和Assignment 运算符 049
Constructors, Destructors, and Assignment Operators
条款11:如果classes内动态配置有内存,请为此 class 声明
一个 copy constructor 和一个 assignment 运算符 049
Declare a copy constructor and an assignment operator
for classes with dynamically allocated memory.
条款12:在 constructor 中尽量以 initialization 取代 assignment 052
Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors.
条款13:Initialization list 中的 members 初始化排列次序应该 
和其在 class 内的声明次序相同
057
List members in an initialization list in the order
in which they are declared.
条款14:总是让 base class 拥有 virtual destructor 059
Make sure base classes have virtual destructors.
条款15:令 operator= 传回"*this 的 reference" 064

这是赋值操作符。

Have operator= return a reference to *this.

对于操作符重载一个原则:要与基本类型在使用时的语义相同。包括但不限于允许执行的操作。操作返回值的类型。是否支持链式操作。

条款16:在 operator= 中为所有的 data members 赋予内容 068
Assign to all data members in operator=.
条款17:在 operator= 中检查是否"自己赋值给自己" 071
Check for assignment to self in operator=.

类与函数之设计和声明 077
Classes and Functions: Design and Declaration
条款18:努力让接口完满且最小化 079
Strive for class interfaces that are complete and minimal.
条款19:区分member functions, non-member functions和 
friend functions三者 084
Differentiate among member functions, non-member functions,
and friend functions.

235851_qfVw_2011779.png

若所有参数皆需类型转换,请为此采用non-member函数,并尽量避免friend函数。


条款20:避免将 data members 放在公开接口中 089
Avoid data members in the public interface.
条款21:尽可能使用 const 091
Use const whenever possible.

条款22:尽量使用 pass-by-reference(传址), 
少用 pass-by-value(传值) 098

Prefer pass-by-reference to pass-by-value.
条款23:当你必须传回object 时,不要尝试传回 reference 101
Don’t try to return a reference when you must return an object.

Ans:这是什么意思?有没有什么例子?  主要讲返回局部对象的引用或指向局部对象的指针的问题。

000932_TK26_2011779.png

如果是返回一个动态创建的对象的引用呢?

感觉这个问题还真的是很复杂???
条款24:在函数重载(function overloading)和
参数缺省化(parameter defaulting)之间,谨慎抉择 106
Choose carefully between function overloading
and parameter defaulting.
条款25:避免对指针型别和数值型别进行重载 109
Avoid overloading on a pointer and a numerical type.
条款26:防卫潜伏的 ambiguity(模棱两可)状态 113
Guard against potential ambiguity.
条款27:如果不想使用编译器暗自产生的 member functions, 
就应该明白拒绝它 116
Explicitly disallow use of implicitly generated member functions
you don’t want.
条款28:尝试切割 global namespace(全域命名空间) 117
Partition the global namespace.

类与函数之实现 123
Classes and Functions: Implementation
条款29:避免传回内部数据的 handles 123
Avoid returning "handles" to internal data.
条款30:避免写出member function,传回一个 non-const pointer 或
reference 并以之指向较低存取层级的 members 129
Avoid member functions that return non-const pointers or
references to members less accessible than themselves.
条款31:千万不要传回"函数内 local 对象的 reference", 
或是"函数内以 new 获得的指针所指的对象" 131
Never return a reference to a local object or to
a dereferenced pointer initialized by new within the function.
条款32:尽可能延缓变量定义式的出现 135
Postpone variable definitions as long as possible.
条款33:明智地运用 inlining 137
Use inlining judiciously.
条款34:将文件之间的编译依赖关系(compilation dependencies)
降至最低 143
Minimize compilation dependencies between files.

继承机制与面向对象设计 153
Inheritance and Object-Oriented Design
条款35:确定你的 public inheritance 模塑出 "isa" 的关系 154
Make sure public inheritance models "isa."
条款36:区分"接口继承(interface inheritance)"和
"实现继承(implementation inheritance)" 161
Differentiate between inheritance of interface and
inheritance of implementation.
条款37:绝对不要重新定义一个继承而来的非虚拟函数 169
Never redefine an inherited nonvirtual function.
条款38:绝对不要重新定义一个继承而来的缺省参数值 171
Never redefine an inherited default parameter value.
条款39:避免在继承体系中做 cast down(向下转型)的动作 173
Avoid casts down the inheritance hierarchy.
条款40:通过 layering(分层技术)来模塑 has-a 或
is-implemented-in-terms-of 的关系 182
Model "has-a" or "is-implemented-in-terms-of" through layering.
条款41:区分 inheritance 和 templates 185
Differentiate between inheritance and templates.
条款42:明智地运用 private inheritance(私有继承) 189
Use private inheritance judiciously.
条款43:明智地运用多继承(multiple inheritance,MI) 194
Use multiple inheritance judiciously.
条款44:说出你的意思并了解你所说的每一句话 210
Say what you mean; understand what you’re saying.杂项讨论(Miscellany) 212
条款45:知道 C++(编译器)默默为我们完成和调用哪些函数 212
Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls.
条款46:宁愿编译和连接时出错,也不要执行时才错 216
Prefer compile-time and link-time errors to runtime errors. 219
Ensure that non-local static objects are initialized
before they’re used.
条款48:不要对编译器的警告讯息视而不见 223
Pay attention to compiler warnings.
条款49:尽量让自己熟悉 C++ 标准程序库 224
Familiarize yourself with the standard library.
条款50:加强自己对 C++ 的了解 232
Improve your understanding of C++.

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/ray1421/blog/789342

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