Linux系统中使用GCC CPU参数优化代码编译

使用特定的GCC参数可以使编译出的程序执行效率有较大提升。具体如下： 

1、优化原理： 
在编译程序时，借助参数传递的方法，使用与系统CPU相匹配的gcc参数，编译出的程序就是为系统CPU而进行特定优化过的，因而执行速度和效率都会是最好。 

2、注意事项 
(1) 经过大量测试发现，在RedHat, CentOS系统中通常只能通过参数传递的方法进行编译优化，当然，如果愿意并且能够修改程序的MakeFile也可以达到这一效果，只不过比较复杂，工 作量较大。其他在网上广为流传的方法（例如：直接通过.bashrc, /etc/profile声明参数系统变量、写入/etc/make.conf等）经过测试均没有效果。 

(2) 对于Gentoo Linux或FreeBSD可以通过修改/etc/make.conf添加参数的方法来实现，而不必使用参数传递法。 

3、优化步骤： 
（1）确定系统CPU类型： 
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" 
执行后会看到系统中CPU的具体型号，记下CPU型号。 

（2）使用参数传递方法进行编译：（以Pentium4 CPU为例） 
此处以编译Apache为例说明如何使用参数传递： 
# tar xzvf httpd-2.0.55.tar.gz 
# cd httpd-2.0.55 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" \ 
CFLAGS="-O3 \ 
-msse2 \ 
-mmmx \ 
-mfpmath=sse \ 
-mcpu=pentium4 \ 
-march=pentium4 \ 
-pipe \ 
-fomit-frame-pointer" \ 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 \ 
-msse2 \ 
-mmmx \ 
-mfpmath=sse \ 
-funroll-loops \ 
-mcpu=pentium4 \ 
-march=pentium4 \ 
-pipe \ 
-fomit-frame-pointer" \ 
./configure ...... 
# make 
# make install 

这样就通过函数传递方法实现了编译优化。下面对其中的一些参数进行具体说明： 

-O3：相对于-O、-O1、-O2，-O3开启了所有GCC支持的优化特性； 
-msse2：开启CPU所支持的sse2指令集； 
-mmmx：参考-msse2 
-mfpmath=sse：为指定指令集生成浮点运算特性（优化浮点运算功能）； 
-mcpu：指定CPU型号； 
-march：指定CPU型号，基本同-mcpu，GCC根据-march设定的CPU型号决定在生成代码时可以使用哪些种类的指令。（注意！-march参数在某些CPU型号中不可用！） 
-pipe：使用管道(pipe)方法替代临时文件方法在编译的不同阶段之间进行通讯。 

附：常见CPU优化参数 
386： 
CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
486： 
CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium (Intel)： 
CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium MMX (Intel)： 
CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium PRO (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium II (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Celeron (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium III (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Celeron2 (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Celeron (Willamette-Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Pentium 4 (Intel)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
K6 (AMD)： 
CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
K6-2 (AMD)： 
CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
K6-3 (AMD)： 
CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon (AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon-tbird, aka K7 (AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon-tbird XP (AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon 4(AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon XP (AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Athlon MP (AMD)： 
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
603 (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
603e (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
604 (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
604e (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
750 aka as G3 (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
7400, aka G4 (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" 
CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" 
7450, aka G4 second generation (PowerPC)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" 
CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" 
PowerPC (If you don't know which one)： 
CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" 
Sparc： 
CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
Sparc 64： 
CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" 
CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"