CCNP-15 OSPF试验11(BSCI)

CCNP-15 OSPF试验11

实验拓扑:

实验要求: R1 R2 OSPF ,再分别起若干个连续子网的 Loopback 接口作为测试,然后配置 R2 ABR R1 ASBR
试验目的:掌握 OSPF 区域间汇总和自治系统外汇总的配置方法。

实验配置:
R1
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loop0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loop1
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loop2
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loop3
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int loop4
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 
R2
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int loop0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int loop1
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.0.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int loop2
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int loop3
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int loop4
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.17.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
以上为基本配置,下面在 R1 show ip ospf neighbor 查看一下 OSPF 邻居关系是否成功建立:
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2 .2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:38    199.99.1.2      Serial1/0
 
OK ,好了, OSPF 配置成功,下面开始把 R2 配置成为 ABR
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 172.17.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 172.17.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2 上配置了一个区域 1 ,并且加入了 4 个连续的网段,配置完成后查看一下 R1 上的路由表:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA    172.17.0.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:27, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.1.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:27, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.2.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.3.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
再查看一下 LSDB
R1#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         197         0x80000002 0x0042F7 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         69          0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.0.0      2.2.2.2         3605        0x80000003 0x00ADC6
172.17.1.0      2.2.2.2         3605        0x80000003 0x00A2D0
172.17.2.0      2.2.2.2         3605        0x80000002 0x0099D9
172.17.3.0      2.2.2.2         3605        0x80000002 0x008EE3
可以发现不管是路由表还是 LSDB 都有点大了,解决这个问题的方法是在 ABR 上配置区域间路由汇总,如下在 R2 上的配置:
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#area 1 range 172.17.0.0 255.255.252.0
R2(config-router)#end
配置完成后,在 R1 R2 上都 clear ip ospf p 一下,然后再在 R1 上查看路由表:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.17.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    172.17.0.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
可以看到从原来的 4 条路由汇聚成了一条 22 位的路由,再看一下 LSDB
R1#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         206         0x80000002 0x0042F7 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         78          0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.0.0      2.2.2.2         15          0x80000001 0x00B6C2
发现了吧,三类 LSA 就剩下一条了。大大减小了路由表和 LSDB 的大小。
接下来是把 R1 配置成为 ASBR ,如下:
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
R1(config-router)#exit
这样配置后 ,R1 就是一台 ASBR 了,下面查看 R2 的路由表和 LSDB
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C       172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1
O       172.17.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:02:36, Null0
C       172.17.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       172.17.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2    172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
O E2    172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
O E2    172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
O E2    172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
学到了 4 AS 外部路由。
R2#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         111         0x80000003 0x0046F0 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         221         0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.0.0      2.2.2.2         158         0x80000001 0x00B6C2
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         202         0x80000003 0x00D317 4
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      2.2.2.2         222         0x80000001 0x00F6D1
         
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1 .1         2.2.2.2         105         0x80000001 0x00935C
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
172.16.0.0      1.1.1.1         5           0x80000004 0x003E9E 0
172.16.1.0      1.1.1.1         10          0x80000001 0x0039A5 0
172.16.2.0      1.1.1.1         10          0x80000001 0x002EAF 0
172.16.3.0      1.1.1.1         10          0x80000001 0x0023B9 0
和在配置区域间汇总前遇到的问题是一样的,就是路由表和 LSDB 的体积都比较大,这里解决问题的方法是采用 AS 外部路由汇总,在 R1 上作如下配置:
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0  
R1(config-router)#end
配置完成后,为了快速查看实验效果,同样是在 R1 R2 clear ip ospf p ,然后查看 R2 的路由表:
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C       172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1
O       172.17.0.0/22 is a summary, 00:00:01, Null0
C       172.17.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       172.17.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3
     172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:01, Serial1/0
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
原来的 4 24 位掩码的外部路由汇聚成了一条 22 位掩码的外部路由,再查看 LSDB 看看有什么变化:
R2#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1.1         130         0x80000003 0x0046F0 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         240         0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.0.0      2.2.2.2         176         0x80000001 0x00B6C2
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2.2         220         0x80000003 0x00D317 4
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      2.2.2.2         241         0x80000001 0x00F6D1
         
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1 .1         2.2.2.2         124         0x80000001 0x00935C
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
172.16.0.0      1.1.1.1         16          0x80000005 0x002DB1 0
类型 5 LSA ,也就是 AS 外部 LSA 就剩下了一条了,比原来大大减小了。

实验总结:了解 OSPF 中为了减小路由表和 LSDB 表的大小,可以采用 OSPF 区域间汇总和自治系统外部路由汇总的方法,并且要掌握这两种汇总方法的配置。






















本文转自loveme2351CTO博客,原文链接: http://blog.51cto.com/loveme23/47113  ,如需转载请自行联系原作者


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