本篇博客博主将分享Hive函数的基础知识.
1.内置运算符（https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+UDF）
2.内置函数（https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+UDF）
#查看函数
SHOW FUNCTIONS;
DESCRIBE FUNCTION <function_name>;
DESCRIBE FUNCTION EXTENDED <function_name>;3.测试各种内置函数的快捷方法：
a.创建一个dual表：
create table dual(id string);b.load一个文件（一行，一个空格）到dual表
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/dual.dat' into table dual;c.select substr('angelababy',2,3) from dual;
4.Hive自定义函数和Transform
当Hive提供的内置函数无法满足你的业务处理需要时，此时就可以考虑使用用户自定义函数（UDF：user-defined function）。
自定义函数类别：
UDF 作用于单个数据行，产生一个数据行作为输出。（数学函数，字符串函数）
UDAF（用户定义聚集函数）：接收多个输入数据行，并产生一个输出数据行。（count，max）
5.UDF开发实例（简单UDF示例）
a、先开发一个java类，继承UDF，并重载evaluate方法
package com.empire.bigdata.udf
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
public final class Lower extends UDF{
public Text evaluate(final Text s){
if(s==null){return null;}
return new Text(s.toString().toLowerCase());
}
} b、打成jar包上传到服务器
c、将jar包添加到hive的classpath
hive>add JAR /home/hadoop/udf.jar;
#查看jar包
hive>list jar;d、创建临时函数与开发好的java class关联
Hive>create temporary function tolowercase as 'cn.empire.bigdata.udf.ToProvince';e、即可在hql中使用自定义的函数tolowercase
6.Json数据解析UDF开发
数据样例：
{"movie":"1193","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978300760","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"661","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978302109","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"914","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978301968","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"3408","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978300275","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2355","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978824291","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"1197","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978302268","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"1287","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978302039","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2804","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978300719","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"594","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978302268","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"919","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978301368","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"595","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978824268","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"938","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978301752","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2398","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978302281","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2918","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978302124","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"1035","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978301753","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2791","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978302188","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2687","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978824268","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2018","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978301777","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"3105","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978301713","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2797","rate":"4","timeStamp":"978302039","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"2321","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978302205","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"720","rate":"3","timeStamp":"978300760","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"1270","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978300055","uid":"1"}
{"movie":"527","rate":"5","timeStamp":"978824195","uid":"1"}程序代码：
package com.empire.hive.empire_hive;
/**
*json转换bean
*/
//{"movie":"1721","rate":"3","timeStamp":"965440048","uid":"5114"}
public class MovieRateBean {
private String movie;
private String rate;
private String timeStamp;
private String uid;
public String getMovie() {
return movie;
}
public void setMovie(String movie) {
this.movie = movie;
}
public String getRate() {
return rate;
}
public void setRate(String rate) {
this.rate = rate;
}
public String getTimeStamp() {
return timeStamp;
}
public void setTimeStamp(String timeStamp) {
this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
}
public String getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(String uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return movie + "\t" + rate + "\t" + timeStamp + "\t" + uid;
}
}
package com.empire.hive.empire_hive;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
import parquet.org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
//自定义json转换函数
public class JsonParser extends UDF {
public String evaluate(String jsonLine) {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
MovieRateBean bean = objectMapper.readValue(jsonLine, MovieRateBean.class);
return bean.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return "";
}
}
7.Transform实现（调用脚本）
Hive的 TRANSFORM 关键字提供了在SQL中调用自写脚本的功能
适合实现Hive中没有的功能又不想写UDF的情况
transform案例:
1、先加载rating.json文件到hive的一个原始表 rat_json
create table rat_json(line string) row format delimited;
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/rating.json' into table rat_json;
2、需要解析json数据成四个字段，插入一张新的表 t_rating
insert overwrite table t_rating
select get_json_object(line,'$.movie') as moive,get_json_object(line,'$.rate') as rate from rat_json;
3、使用transform+python的方式去转换unixtime为weekday
先编辑一个python脚本文件
########python######代码
vi weekday_mapper.py
#!/bin/python
import sys
import datetime
for line in sys.stdin:
line = line.strip()
movieid, rating, unixtime,userid = line.split('\t')
weekday = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(unixtime)).isoweekday()
print '\t'.join([movieid, rating, str(weekday),userid])
保存文件
然后，将文件加入hive的classpath：
hive>add FILE /home/hadoop/weekday_mapper.py;
hive>create TABLE u_data_new as
SELECT
TRANSFORM (movieid, rate, timestring,uid)
USING 'python weekday_mapper.py'
AS (movieid, rate, weekday,uid)
FROM t_rating;
select distinct(weekday) from u_data_new limit 10;运行效果图：
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> show functions;
OK
+-------------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+-------------------------+--+
| ! |
| != |
| % |
| & |
| * |
| + |
| - |
| / |
| < |
| <= |
| <=> |
| <> |
| = |
| == |
| > |
| >= |
| ^ |
| abs |
| acos |
| add_months |
| and |
| array |
| array_contains |
| ascii |
| asin |
| assert_true |
| atan |
| avg |
| base64 |
| between |
| bin |
| case |
| cbrt |
| ceil |
| ceiling |
| coalesce |
| collect_list |
| collect_set |
| compute_stats |
| concat |
| concat_ws |
| context_ngrams |
| conv |
| corr |
| cos |
| count |
| covar_pop |
| covar_samp |
| create_union |
| cume_dist |
| current_database |
| current_date |
| current_timestamp |
| current_user |
| date_add |
| date_format |
| date_sub |
| datediff |
| day |
| dayofmonth |
| decode |
| degrees |
| dense_rank |
| div |
| e |
| elt |
| encode |
| ewah_bitmap |
| ewah_bitmap_and |
| ewah_bitmap_empty |
| ewah_bitmap_or |
| exp |
| explode |
| factorial |
| field |
| find_in_set |
| first_value |
| floor |
| format_number |
| from_unixtime |
| from_utc_timestamp |
| get_json_object |
| greatest |
| hash |
| hex |
| histogram_numeric |
| hour |
| if |
| in |
| in_file |
| index |
| initcap |
| inline |
| instr |
| isnotnull |
| isnull |
| java_method |
| json_tuple |
| lag |
| last_day |
+-------------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+-------------------------+--+
| last_value |
| lcase |
| lead |
| least |
| length |
| levenshtein |
| like |
| ln |
| locate |
| log |
| log10 |
| log2 |
| lower |
| lpad |
| ltrim |
| map |
| map_keys |
| map_values |
| matchpath |
| max |
| min |
| minute |
| month |
| months_between |
| named_struct |
| negative |
| next_day |
| ngrams |
| noop |
| noopstreaming |
| noopwithmap |
| noopwithmapstreaming |
| not |
| ntile |
| nvl |
| or |
| parse_url |
| parse_url_tuple |
| percent_rank |
| percentile |
| percentile_approx |
| pi |
| pmod |
| posexplode |
| positive |
| pow |
| power |
| printf |
| radians |
| rand |
| rank |
| reflect |
| reflect2 |
| regexp |
| regexp_extract |
| regexp_replace |
| repeat |
| reverse |
| rlike |
| round |
| row_number |
| rpad |
| rtrim |
| second |
| sentences |
| shiftleft |
| shiftright |
| shiftrightunsigned |
| sign |
| sin |
| size |
| sort_array |
| soundex |
| space |
| split |
| sqrt |
| stack |
| std |
| stddev |
| stddev_pop |
| stddev_samp |
| str_to_map |
| struct |
| substr |
| substring |
| sum |
| tan |
| to_date |
| to_unix_timestamp |
| to_utc_timestamp |
| translate |
| trim |
| trunc |
| ucase |
| unbase64 |
| unhex |
| unix_timestamp |
| upper |
| var_pop |
| var_samp |
+-------------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+-------------------------+--+
| variance |
| weekofyear |
| when |
| windowingtablefunction |
| xpath |
| xpath_boolean |
| xpath_double |
| xpath_float |
| xpath_int |
| xpath_long |
| xpath_number |
| xpath_short |
| xpath_string |
| year |
| | |
| ~ |
+-------------------------+--+
216 rows selected (0.677 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> list jar
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> ;
+-----------+--+
| resource |
+-----------+--+
+-----------+--+
No rows selected (0.006 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> DESCRIBE FUNCTION case;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
| CASE a WHEN b THEN c [WHEN d THEN e]* [ELSE f] END - When a = b, returns c; when a = d, return e; else return f |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
1 row selected (0.039 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> DESCRIBE FUNCTION EXTENDED case
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> ;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
| CASE a WHEN b THEN c [WHEN d THEN e]* [ELSE f] END - When a = b, returns c; when a = d, return e; else return f |
| Example: |
| SELECT |
| CASE deptno |
| WHEN 1 THEN Engineering |
| WHEN 2 THEN Finance |
| ELSE admin |
| END, |
| CASE zone |
| WHEN 7 THEN Americas |
| ELSE Asia-Pac |
| END |
| FROM emp_details |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--+
13 rows selected (0.016 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> create table rat_json(line string) row format delimited;
No rows affected (0.628 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/rating.json' into table rat_json;
INFO : Loading data to table default.rat_json from file:/home/hadoop/rating.json
INFO : Table default.rat_json stats: [numFiles=1, totalSize=65602698]
No rows affected (2.373 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> add JAR /home/hadoop/udf.jar;
INFO : Added [/home/hadoop/udf.jar] to class path
INFO : Added resources: [/home/hadoop/udf.jar]
No rows affected (0.007 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> list jar;
+-----------------------+--+
| resource |
+-----------------------+--+
| /home/hadoop/udf.jar |
+-----------------------+--+
1 row selected (0.005 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> create temporary function parsejson as 'com.empire.hive.empire_hive.JsonParser';
No rows affected (0.016 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> select split(parsejson(line),'\t')[0]as movieid,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[1] as rate,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[2] as timestring,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[3] as uid from rat_json limit 10;
+----------+-------+-------------+------+--+
| movieid | rate | timestring | uid |
+----------+-------+-------------+------+--+
| 1193 | 5 | 978300760 | 1 |
| 661 | 3 | 978302109 | 1 |
| 914 | 3 | 978301968 | 1 |
| 3408 | 4 | 978300275 | 1 |
| 2355 | 5 | 978824291 | 1 |
| 1197 | 3 | 978302268 | 1 |
| 1287 | 5 | 978302039 | 1 |
| 2804 | 5 | 978300719 | 1 |
| 594 | 4 | 978302268 | 1 |
| 919 | 4 | 978301368 | 1 |
+----------+-------+-------------+------+--+
10 rows selected (0.766 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> create table t_rating(movieid string,rate int,timestring string,uid string)row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
No rows affected (0.075 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> insert overwrite table t_rating
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> select split(parsejson(line),'\t')[0]as movieid,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[1] as rate,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[2] as timestring,split(parsejson(line),'\t')[3] as uid from rat_json limit 10;
INFO : Number of reduce tasks determined at compile time: 1
INFO : In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
INFO : set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
INFO : In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
INFO : set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
INFO : In order to set a constant number of reducers:
INFO : set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
INFO : number of splits:1
INFO : Submitting tokens for job: job_1548540680535_0001
INFO : The url to track the job: http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0001/
INFO : Starting Job = job_1548540680535_0001, Tracking URL = http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0001/
INFO : Kill Command = /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.9.1/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1548540680535_0001
INFO : Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:18:39,805 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:18:51,508 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 3.29 sec
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:19:11,125 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 4.89 sec
INFO : MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 4 seconds 890 msec
INFO : Ended Job = job_1548540680535_0001
INFO : Loading data to table default.t_rating from hdfs://centos-aaron-h1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/t_rating/.hive-staging_hive_2019-01-27_08-18-11_540_2930931099472349170-1/-ext-10000
INFO : Table default.t_rating stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=10, totalSize=186, rawDataSize=176]
No rows affected (61.028 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> select * from t_rating;
+-------------------+----------------+----------------------+---------------+--+
| t_rating.movieid | t_rating.rate | t_rating.timestring | t_rating.uid |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------------+---------------+--+
| 919 | 4 | 978301368 | 1 |
| 594 | 4 | 978302268 | 1 |
| 2804 | 5 | 978300719 | 1 |
| 1287 | 5 | 978302039 | 1 |
| 1197 | 3 | 978302268 | 1 |
| 2355 | 5 | 978824291 | 1 |
| 3408 | 4 | 978300275 | 1 |
| 914 | 3 | 978301968 | 1 |
| 661 | 3 | 978302109 | 1 |
| 1193 | 5 | 978300760 | 1 |
+-------------------+----------------+----------------------+---------------+--+
10 rows selected (0.079 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> select get_json_object(line,'$.movie') as moive,get_json_object(line,'$.rate') as rate from rat_json limit 10;
+--------+-------+--+
| moive | rate |
+--------+-------+--+
| 1193 | 5 |
| 661 | 3 |
| 914 | 3 |
| 3408 | 4 |
| 2355 | 5 |
| 1197 | 3 |
| 1287 | 5 |
| 2804 | 5 |
| 594 | 4 |
| 919 | 4 |
+--------+-------+--+
10 rows selected (0.23 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> add FILE /home/hadoop/weekday_mapper.py;
INFO : Added resources: [/home/hadoop/weekday_mapper.py]
No rows affected (0.046 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> create TABLE u_data_new as
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> SELECT
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> TRANSFORM (movieid, rate, timestring,uid)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> USING 'python weekday_mapper.py'
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> AS (movieid, rate, weekday,uid)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> FROM t_rating;
INFO : Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator
INFO : number of splits:1
INFO : Submitting tokens for job: job_1548540680535_0002
INFO : The url to track the job: http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0002/
INFO : Starting Job = job_1548540680535_0002, Tracking URL = http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0002/
INFO : Kill Command = /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.9.1/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1548540680535_0002
INFO : Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:26:56,867 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:27:06,186 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.86 sec
INFO : MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 860 msec
INFO : Ended Job = job_1548540680535_0002
INFO : Stage-4 is selected by condition resolver.
INFO : Stage-3 is filtered out by condition resolver.
INFO : Stage-5 is filtered out by condition resolver.
INFO : Moving data to: hdfs://centos-aaron-h1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/.hive-staging_hive_2019-01-27_08-26-42_414_5787842099636710618-4/-ext-10001 from hdfs://centos-aaron-h1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/.hive-staging_hive_2019-01-27_08-26-42_414_5787842099636710618-4/-ext-10003
INFO : Moving data to: hdfs://centos-aaron-h1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/u_data_new from hdfs://centos-aaron-h1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/.hive-staging_hive_2019-01-27_08-26-42_414_5787842099636710618-4/-ext-10001
INFO : Table default.u_data_new stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=10, totalSize=106, rawDataSize=96]
No rows affected (25.058 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> select distinct(weekday) from u_data_new limit 10;
INFO : Number of reduce tasks not specified. Estimated from input data size: 1
INFO : In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
INFO : set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
INFO : In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
INFO : set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
INFO : In order to set a constant number of reducers:
INFO : set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
INFO : number of splits:1
INFO : Submitting tokens for job: job_1548540680535_0003
INFO : The url to track the job: http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0003/
INFO : Starting Job = job_1548540680535_0003, Tracking URL = http://centos-aaron-h1:8088/proxy/application_1548540680535_0003/
INFO : Kill Command = /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.9.1/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1548540680535_0003
INFO : Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:29:36,422 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:29:43,605 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.69 sec
INFO : 2019-01-27 08:29:51,811 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 1.81 sec
INFO : MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 1 seconds 810 msec
INFO : Ended Job = job_1548540680535_0003
+----------+--+
| weekday |
+----------+--+
| 1 |
| 7 |
+----------+--+
2 rows selected (27.742 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://centos-aaron-h1:10000> 总结：临时函数只对当前session有效，如果想在下次登录时使用需建立永久函数。
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