Understanding Link Local and EUI-64 IPv6 Addressing(本地链路地址)

【实验说明】

在R1与R2之间以太网地址上使用IPv6 link-local地址，其中link-local的主机位使用Modified  EUI-64格式地址。

 

【实验拓扑】

 

【实验配置步骤】

在R1与R2的以太网接口上启用IPv6

使用link-local地址验证R1与R2的连通性

 

【实验分析】

IPv6中的 link-local, site-local, and global unicast 地址的区别？

如何查看link-local地址

什么是 EUI-64 地址，它设计的目的和作用是什么？

 

【实验配置】

R1 & R2:

interface FastEthernet0/0

ipv6 enable

no shutdown

 

【实验验证】

 

R1#show int f0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is AmdFE, address is cc00.460c.0000 (bia  cc00.460c.0000)

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set

Keepalive set (10 sec)

Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:00:06, output 00:00:02, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

14 packets input, 2072 bytes

Received 14 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored

0 watchdog

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

16 packets output, 2192 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

 

 

R1#show ipv6 interface f0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is  FE80::CE00:46FF:FE0C:0

No global unicast address is configured

Joined group address(es):

FF02::1

FF02::2

FF02::1:FF0C:0

MTU is 1500 bytes

ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds

ICMP redirects are enabled

ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1

ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds

 

R2#show ipv6 interface fastEthernet 0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is  FE80::CE01:46FF:FE0C:0

No global unicast address is configured

Joined group address(es):

FF02::1

FF02::2

FF02::1:FF0C:0

MTU is 1500 bytes

ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds

ICMP redirects are enabled

ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1

ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds

 

R1#ping FE80::CE01:46FF:FE0C:0

Output Interface:  FastEthernet0/0

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::CE01:46FF:FE0C:0, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of FE80::CE00:46FF:FE0C:0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/68 ms

 

 

 

【实验总结】

• IPv6的 link-local 地址是一个以 1111111010, 或者FE80::/10 开头的IPv6格式的地址。
• 本地链路地址，有“链路本地范围”之称，这意味着数据包源自或去往一个链路本地地址不能离开本地链路。
• 本地链路地址使用ICMPv6来发现邻居，用于在未配置全局单播地址时通过自动配置实现设备之间通信，以及重复地址监测。
• 当在接口上启用IPv6或者配置了IPv6全区单播或任播地址时，link-local 地址将使用以FE80::/64开头的 Modified EUI-64主机地址。
• link-local地址也可以手工配置，如下面输出结果所示

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address ?

WORD General prefix name

X:X:X:X::X IPv6 link-local address

X:X:X:X::X/<0-128> IPv6 prefix

autoconfig Obtain address using autoconfiguration

 

• Modified EUI-64地址来自于路由器的以太网接口的MAC地址，如果没有以太网接口，选用本路由器中其他接口最小的MAC地址（如串行或隧道接口）。

 

• EUI-64地址是如何来的

 

• 首先FFEE插入到MAC地址的中间
• 64位的MAC地址中的第七位翻转（0和1互换）

因此R1的本地链路地址为 FE80::CE 00 : 46 FF:FE 0C:0

 

cc00.46 0c.0000

FE80::CE 00 : 46 FF:FE 0C:0

CC -->110011 00

CE   -->110011 10

 

FF:FE 被插入的字段

CE 被转换的字段

FE80::被加入的开头

00 . 460c.0000  原有没发生变化的MAC地址

本文转自zcm8483 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/haolun/992242