x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" - 用于指定一个 UIElement 为一个延迟加载元素
- x:Null - null
示例
1、x:DeferLoadStrategy 通过 FindName 加载
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo1.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy.Demo1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5" /> <!-- x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" - 其仅作用于 UIElement,可以指定一个 UIElement 为一个延迟加载元素 1、标记为延迟加载的元素必须要指定其 x:Name 2、UIElement 不是在任何情况下都能标记为 x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" 的,不是只有 FindName 才能加载延迟加载元素,具体参见文档:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/xaml-platform/x-deferloadstrategy-attribute 3、将 UIElement 标记为 x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" 的好处是可以减少页面的启动时间,带来的问题是会增加内存的使用量,每个延迟加载元素大约多耗费 600 字节左右的内存 4、延迟加载元素在加载后,会触发其 Loading 事件 --> <TextBlock Name="textBlock" Margin="5" x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo1.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:DeferLoadStrategy 的相关知识点 * * 本例演示通过“FindName”加载延迟加载元素 */ using System; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy { public sealed partial class Demo1 : Page { public Demo1() { this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += DeferLoadStrategyDemo_Loaded; } private void DeferLoadStrategyDemo_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { // 抛出异常 textBlock.Text = "我是 TextBlock"; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } // 可以通过 FindName() 来加载 x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" 元素 this.FindName(nameof(textBlock)); textBlock.Text = "我是 TextBlock"; } } }
2、x:DeferLoadStrategy 通过绑定加载
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo2.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy.Demo2" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBox Name="textBox1" Margin="5" /> <!--延迟加载元素--> <TextBox Name="textBox2" x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" Text="我是 TextBox" Margin="5" /> <!--将 textBox2 与 textBox1 绑定后,textBox2 就会被加载--> <Button Name="button" Content="将 textBox1 的 Text 绑定到 textBox2 的 Text" Click="button_Click" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo2.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:DeferLoadStrategy 的相关知识点 * * 本例演示通过“绑定”加载延迟加载元素 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data; namespace Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy { public sealed partial class Demo2 : Page { public Demo2() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 实例化 Binding 对象 Binding binding = new Binding() { ElementName = nameof(textBox2), // textBox2 是延迟加载元素,将其与 textBox1 绑定后,textBox2 就会被加载 Path = new PropertyPath(nameof(TextBox.Text)), Mode = BindingMode.TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger = UpdateSourceTrigger.PropertyChanged }; // 将目标对象的目标属性与指定的 Binding 对象关联 BindingOperations.SetBinding(textBox1, TextBox.TextProperty, binding); } } }
3、x:DeferLoadStrategy 通过 Storyboard 加载
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo3.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy.Demo3" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Page.Resources> <Storyboard x:Name="sb"> <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ellipse" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Ellipse.Fill).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" BeginTime="00:00:00" From="Orange" To="Blue" Duration="0:0:3" AutoReverse="true" RepeatBehavior="Forever "> </ColorAnimation> </Storyboard> </Page.Resources> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <!--延迟加载元素--> <Ellipse x:Name="ellipse" Fill="Orange" Width="200" Height="100" x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" /> <!--启动一个引用了延迟加载元素的动画后,该延迟加载元素就会被加载--> <Button Name="button" Content="开始动画" Click="button_Click" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo3.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:DeferLoadStrategy 的相关知识点 * * 本例演示通过“Storyboard”加载延迟加载元素 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy { public sealed partial class Demo3 : Page { public Demo3() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 启动一个引用了延迟加载元素的动画后,该延迟加载元素就会被加载 sb.Begin(); } } }
4、x:DeferLoadStrategy 通过 Setter 加载
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo4.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy.Demo4" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="WindowSizeStates"> <VisualState> <VisualState.StateTriggers> <AdaptiveTrigger MinWindowWidth="360" /> </VisualState.StateTriggers> </VisualState> <VisualState> <VisualState.StateTriggers> <AdaptiveTrigger MinWindowWidth="0" /> </VisualState.StateTriggers> <VisualState.Setters> <!--窗口宽度小于 360 时调用,此处 setter 引用了延迟加载元素,该延迟加载元素将会被加载--> <Setter Target="textBox.Foreground" Value="Red" /> </VisualState.Setters> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <!--延迟加载元素--> <TextBox Name="textBox" Text="我是 TextBox" x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo4.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:DeferLoadStrategy 的相关知识点 * * 本例演示通过“Setter”加载延迟加载元素 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy { public sealed partial class Demo4 : Page { public Demo4() { this.InitializeComponent(); } } }
5、x:DeferLoadStrategy 通过 GetTemplateChild 加载
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo5.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy.Demo5" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Page.Resources> <Style TargetType="local:TitledImage"> <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Left" /> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:TitledImage"> <Grid> <Image Source="{TemplateBinding Source}" Width="200" Height="100" Stretch="Uniform" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" /> <!--延迟加载元素,当调用 GetTemplateChild 后,它将被加载--> <ContentPresenter x:Name="TitlePresenter" x:DeferLoadStrategy="Lazy" Content="{TemplateBinding Title}" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" Foreground="White" /> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </Page.Resources> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <!--对应的 ControlTemplate 中的延迟加载元素 TitlePresenter 不会被加载--> <local:TitledImage Source="/Assets/SplashScreen.png" /> <!--对应的 ControlTemplate 中的延迟加载元素 TitlePresenter 会被加载(因为调用了 GetTemplateChild)--> <local:TitledImage Source="/Assets/SplashScreen.png" Title="image title" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/DeferLoadStrategy/Demo5.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:DeferLoadStrategy 的相关知识点 * * 本例演示通过“GetTemplateChild”加载延迟加载元素 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media.Imaging; namespace Windows10.Xaml.DeferLoadStrategy { public sealed partial class Demo5 : Page { public Demo5() { this.InitializeComponent(); } } // 自定义控件(一个可显示 Title 的 Image) public class TitledImage : Control { // 此自定义控件用于显示 Title 的 ContentPresenter private ContentPresenter _titlePresenter; public TitledImage() { this.DefaultStyleKey = typeof(TitledImage); // 注册一个回调,当 Title 发生变化时触发 this.RegisterPropertyChangedCallback(TitleProperty, TitleChanged); } // 定义一个依赖属性 Title(用于显示标题) public static readonly DependencyProperty TitleProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Title), typeof(string), typeof(TitledImage), new PropertyMetadata(null)); public string Title { get { return (string)GetValue(TitleProperty); } set { SetValue(TitleProperty, value); } } // 定义一个依赖属性 Source(用于显示图片) public static readonly DependencyProperty SourceProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Source), typeof(ImageSource), typeof(TitledImage), new PropertyMetadata(null)); public ImageSource Source { get { return (BitmapSource)GetValue(SourceProperty); } set { SetValue(SourceProperty, value); } } void TitleChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyProperty prop) { string title = (string)sender.GetValue(prop); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Title) && _titlePresenter == null) { // TitlePresenter 是控件模板中的一个延迟加载元素,通过 GetTemplateChild 调用后,它将被加载 _titlePresenter = (ContentPresenter)GetTemplateChild("TitlePresenter"); } } protected override void OnApplyTemplate() { base.OnApplyTemplate(); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Title)) { // TitlePresenter 是控件模板中的一个延迟加载元素,通过 GetTemplateChild 调用后,它将被加载 _titlePresenter = (ContentPresenter)GetTemplateChild("TitlePresenter"); } } } }
6、x:Null - null
Xaml/NullDemo.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Xaml.NullDemo" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="5" /> <!--不指定 Tag 则其默认值为 null--> <TextBlock Name="textBlock1" Margin="5" /> <!--指定 Tag 的值为 ""--> <TextBlock Name="textBlock2" Margin="5" Tag="" /> <!--指定 Tag 的值为 null--> <TextBlock Name="textBlock3" Margin="5" Tag="{x:Null}" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Xaml/NullDemo.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 x:Null 的相关知识点、 * * 在这里插一句: * 在 xaml 使用的 {x:Null}, {Binding}, {x:Bind}, {StaticResource} 之类的这种带大括号的语法被称为标记扩展(Markup Extension),在 uwp 中无法开发自定义标记扩展(但是在 wpf 中是可以的) */ using System; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.Xaml { public sealed partial class NullDemo : Page { public NullDemo() { this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += NullDemo_Loaded; } private void NullDemo_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { lblMsg.Text = $"textBlock1.Tag: {textBlock1.Tag ?? "null"}"; // null lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += $"textBlock2.Tag: {textBlock2.Tag ?? "null"}"; // "" lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += $"textBlock3.Tag: {textBlock3.Tag ?? "null"}"; // null } } }