JAVA 对象拷贝
为什么需要有对象拷贝?
对象拷贝相对的自然是引用拷贝。java初学者经常会问,我这个方法要改变一个对象的属性,可以把参数传进去了,为什么没有改变了?
——基本数据类型传值,而对象传引用或引用的拷贝。
而有时候我们要获取到一个当前状态的对象复制品,他们是两个独立对象。不再是引用或者引用拷贝(实质都是指向对象本身)。就是说a是b的拷贝,b发生变化的时候,不要影响a。
对象拷贝有浅拷贝和深度拷贝两种。
1)浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指对象中基本数据类型得到拷贝,而引用数据类型并未拷贝。
提到拷贝自然和clone联系起来了,所有具有clone功能的类都有一个特性,那就是它直接或间接地实现了Cloneable接口。
否则,我们在尝试调用clone()方法时,将会触发CloneNotSupportedException异常。
eg:
1
public
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
2
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
3
public DOG(String name, int age)
4 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
5
this .name = name;
6
this .age = age;
7
}
8 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
9
public String getName()
10 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
11
return this .name;
12
}
13 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
14
public int getAge()
15 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
16
return this .age;
17
}
18 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
19
public Object clone()
20 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
21
try
22 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
23
return super .clone();
24 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
25
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
26 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
27
return null ;
28
}
29
}
30 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
31
public String name;
32 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
33
private int age;
34 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
35
// test
36
public static void main(String[] args)
37 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
38
DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 );
39
DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
40
dog1.name = " dagou " ;
41
System.out.println(dog2.getName());
42
System.out.println(dog2.getAge());
43
System.out.println(dog1.getName());
44
System.out.println(dog1.getAge());
45 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
46
}
47 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
48
}
49
运行结果:
xiaogou
2
dagou
2
2)深度拷贝
相对浅拷贝。实现对象中基本数据类型和引用数据类型的拷贝。
请先看下面代码:
1
class
AAA
2
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
3
public AAA(String name)
4 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
5
this .name = name;
6
}
7 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
8
public String name;
9
}
10
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
11
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
12
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
13
public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
14 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
15
this .name = name;
16
this .age = age;
17
this .birthday = birthday;
18
}
19 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
20
public String getName()
21 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
22
return name;
23
}
24 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
25
public int getAge()
26 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
27
return age;
28
}
29 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
30
public AAA getBirthday()
31 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
32
return birthday;
33
}
34 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
35
public String getBirth(AAA a)
36 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
37
return a.name;
38
}
39 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
40
public String name;
41 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
42
private int age;
43 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
44
public AAA birthday;
45 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
46
public Object clone()
47 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
48
try
49 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
50
super .clone();
51
return super .clone();
52
} catch (Exception e)
53 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
54
return null ;
55
}
56
}
57
}
58
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
59
public
class
TestClone
60
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
61
public static void main(String[] args)
62 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
63
AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
64
DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
65
DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
66
// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
67
dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
68
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
69
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
70
}
71
}
72
运行结果是:
333
333
而真正要实现拷贝还的加点代码,如下请对比上面和下面代码的异同之处:
1
class
AAA
implements
Cloneable
2
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
3
public AAA(String name)
4 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
5
this .name = name;
6
}
7 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
8
public Object clone()
9 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
10
try
11 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
12
super .clone();
13
return super .clone();
14
} catch (Exception e)
15 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
16
return null ;
17
}
18
}
19 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
20
public String name;
21
}
22
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
23
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
24
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
25
public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
26 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
27
this .name = name;
28
this .age = age;
29
this .birthday = birthday;
30
}
31 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
32
public String getName()
33 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
34
return name;
35
}
36 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
37
public int getAge()
38 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
39
return age;
40
}
41 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
42
public AAA getBirthday()
43 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
44
return birthday;
45
}
46 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
47
public String getBirth(AAA a)
48 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
49
return a.name;
50
}
51 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
52
public String name;
53 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
54
private int age;
55 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
56
public AAA birthday;
57 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
58
public Object clone()
59 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
60
try
61 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
62
super .clone();
63
return super .clone();
64
} catch (Exception e)
65 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
66
return null ;
67
}
68
}
69
}
70
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
71
public
class
TestClone
72
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
73
public static void main(String[] args)
74 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
75
AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
76
DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
77
DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
78
dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone(); // 特别注意这里
79
dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
80
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
81
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
82
}
83
}
84
运行结果:
333
test
这样基本就达到了我们当初的母的。
但是明显的这种方法还是有许多不足,人们总是希望一个clone就是对象直接克隆。而上面还要对对象中的对象递归使用clone。下面提供一种更高级点的做法:
1
import
java.io.
*
;
2
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
3
class
AAA
implements
Serializable
4
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
5
public AAA(String name)
6 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
7
this .name = name;
8
}
9 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
10
public String name;
11
}
12
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
13
class
DOG
extends
SerialCloneable
14
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
15
public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
16 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
17
this .name = name;
18
this .age = age;
19
this .birthday = birthday;
20
}
21 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
22
public String getName()
23 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
24
return name;
25
}
26 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
27
public int getAge()
28 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
29
return age;
30
}
31 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
32
public AAA getBirthday()
33 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
34
return birthday;
35
}
36 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
37
public String getBirth(AAA a)
38 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
39
return a.name;
40
}
41 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
42
public String name;
43 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
44
private int age;
45 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
46
public AAA birthday;
47 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
48
public Object clone()
49 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
50
try
51 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
52
super .clone();
53
return super .clone();
54
} catch (Exception e)
55 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
56
return null ;
57
}
58
}
59
}
60
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
61
public
class
TestClone
62
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
63
public static void main(String[] args)
64 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
65
AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
66
DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
67
DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
68
// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
69
dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
70
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
71
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
72
}
73
}
74
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
75
class
SerialCloneable
implements
Cloneable, Serializable
76
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
{
77
public Object clone()
78 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
79
try
80 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
81
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
82
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
83
out.writeObject( this );
84
out.close();
85
ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(bout
86
.toByteArray());
87
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bin);
88
Object ret = in.readObject();
89
in.close();
90
return ret;
91
} catch (Exception e)
92 ![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://www.blogjava.net/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
93
return null ;
94
}
95
}
96
}
97
输出:
333
test
上面的代码用序列化与反序列化实现了对象拷贝。比较通用。但是得注意的是其中的类得implements Serializable。
3)后记
我们如果利用强大的反射机制+序列化与反序列化,能做出更加灵活的对象拷贝。有兴趣的朋友可以自行去研究。
我在javaeye上看到一篇短文:http://www.javaeye.com/post/367014 主要讲的就是反射在对象拷贝中的应用。