图形描述语言GraphML（4）:复杂图形（嵌套，超边，端口）

复杂的图形可能包括嵌套，超边或注册点，这些GraphML也提供了内建的支持。

嵌套图（ Nested Graph ）

嵌套图表现为图形的子元素本身也可能为图。比如：

 

用GraphML表示如下：

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< graphml  xmlns ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns"   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns/1.0/graphml.xsd" >
   < graph  id ="G"  edgedefault ="undirected" >
     < node  id ="n0" />
     < node  id ="n1" />
     < node  id ="n2" />
     < node  id ="n3" />
     < node  id ="n4" />
     < node  id ="n5" >
         < graph  id ="n5:"  edgedefault ="undirected" >
           < node  id ="n5::n0" />
           < node  id ="n5::n1" />
           < node  id ="n5::n2" />
           < edge  id ="e0"  source ="n5::n0"  target ="n5::n2" />
           < edge  id ="e1"  source ="n5::n1"  target ="n5::n2" />
         </ graph >
     </ node >
     < node  id ="n6" >
         < graph  id ="n6:"  edgedefault ="undirected" >
           < node  id ="n6::n0" >
               < graph  id ="n6::n0:"  edgedefault ="undirected" >
                 < node  id ="n6::n0::n0" />
                </ graph >
           </ node >
           < node  id ="n6::n1" />
           < node  id ="n6::n2" />
           < edge  id ="e10"  source ="n6::n1"  target ="n6::n0::n0" />
           < edge  id ="e11"  source ="n6::n1"  target ="n6::n2" />
         </ graph >
     </ node >
     < edge  id ="e2"  source ="n5::n2"  target ="n0" />
     < edge  id ="e3"  source ="n0"  target ="n2" />
     < edge  id ="e4"  source ="n0"  target ="n1" />
     < edge  id ="e5"  source ="n1"  target ="n3" />
     < edge  id ="e6"  source ="n3"  target ="n2" />
     < edge  id ="e7"  source ="n2"  target ="n4" />
     < edge  id ="e8"  source ="n3"  target ="n6::n1" />
     < edge  id ="e9"  source ="n6::n1"  target ="n4" />
   </ graph >
</ graphml >

其中，如果边连接的是node中子图内的node,则适用::表示node的层级。如source="n6::n1"

 

超边（ Hyperedges ）

超边是指连接到多个node的边，如图：

在GraphML中用元素

hyperedge表示超边，其子元素为多个endpoint,每个endpoint指向一个node:

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< graphml  xmlns ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns"   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns/1.0/graphml.xsd" >
   < graph  id ="G"  edgedefault ="undirected" >
     < node  id ="n0" />
     < node  id ="n1" />
     < node  id ="n2" />
     < node  id ="n3" />
     < node  id ="n4" />
     < node  id ="n5" />
     < node  id ="n6" />
     < hyperedge >
        < endpoint  node ="n0" />
        < endpoint  node ="n1" />
        < endpoint  node ="n2" />
      </ hyperedge >
     < hyperedge >
        < endpoint  node ="n3" />
        < endpoint  node ="n4" />
        < endpoint  node ="n5" />
        < endpoint  node ="n6" />
      </ hyperedge >
     < hyperedge >
        < endpoint  node ="n1" />
        < endpoint  node ="n3" />
      </ hyperedge >
     < edge  source ="n0"  target ="n4" />
   </ graph >
</ graphml >

 

 

注册点（port）

注册点指边或超边连接到node上的逻辑位置。一个node可以有多个注册点，用port子元素定义：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< graphml  xmlns ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns"   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/xmlns/1.0/graphml.xsd" >
   < graph  id ="G"  edgedefault ="directed" >
     < node  id ="n0" >
       < port  name ="North" />
       < port  name ="South" />
       < port  name ="East" />
       < port  name ="West" />
     </ node >
     < node  id ="n1" >
       < port  name ="North" />
       < port  name ="South" />
       < port  name ="East" />
       < port  name ="West" />
     </ node >
     < node  id ="n2" >
       < port  name ="NorthWest" />
       < port  name ="SouthEast" />
     </ node >
     < node  id ="n3" >
       < port  name ="NorthEast" />
       < port  name ="SouthWest" />
     </ node >
     < edge  source ="n0"  target ="n3"  sourceport ="North"  targetport ="NorthEast" />
     < hyperedge >
        < endpoint  node ="n0"  port ="North" />
        < endpoint  node ="n1"  port ="East" />
        < endpoint  node ="n2"  port ="SouthEast" />
      </ hyperedge >
   </ graph >
</ graphml >

至此，GraphML的定义如下图：