Django中Model-Form验证
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class UserType(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model): username=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='用户名') email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱') user_type = models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field='id',on_delete='on_delete')
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class Modelform(forms.ModelForm): # modelForm class Meta: #Meta类 model = models.UserInfo fields = '__all__' #__all__列出所有的字段 # fields = ['username','email'] # exclude = ['user_type'] #排除 def model_form(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = Modelform() return render(request,'modelform.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method == "POST": obj = Modelform(request.POST) print(obj.is_valid()) print(obj.cleaned_data) return render(request, 'modelform.html', {'obj': obj})
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/xiaoqing/model_form/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets class Modelform(forms.ModelForm): # modelForm class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = '__all__' #__all__列出所有的字段 # fields = ['username','email'] # exclude = ['user_type'] #排除 labels = {'username':'用户名','email':'邮箱',} # 也可以这样设置 不在models.py里设置 widgets = { 'username': Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'c1'}) } help_texts = {'username': '提示信息'} error_messages = { 'email':{'required':'邮箱不能为空',} }
Model-Form组件
ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS) field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段) localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据 如: 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示: 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示,并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作,内部定义 save_m2m(用于保存多对多) obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})