35、PCI设备驱动简介

PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)总线标准是一种将系统外部设备连接起来的总线标准，速度可以达到133MB/s，它是PC中最重要的总线，其他总路线如ISA总线，USB总线等，都挂载在PCI总线上（通过桥接电路）。由Intel推出的一种局部总线，为32位数据地址总线，可以扩展为64位，支持突发读写，及多组外围设备。

在PCI系统中，Host/PCI称为北桥，连接主处理器总线到基础PCI局部总线；PCI-ISA桥称为南桥，连接基础PCI总线到ISA总线。其中南桥通常还含有中断控制器，IDE控制器，USB控制器和DMA控制器等设备。

图示 P412

PCI有三个相互独立的物理地址空间：设备存储器地址空间，I/O地址空间和配置空间。由于PCI支持设备即插即用，所以PCI设备不占用固定的内存地址空间或I/O地址空间，而是可以由操作系统决定其映射的基址。

PCI总线规范定义的配置Hha总长度为256个字节，配置信息按一定的顺序和大小依次存放。根据读取PCI配置空间，可以得到PCI设备的所有资源。[1]中讲述了多种读取PCI配置空间的方法，包括通过最基本的I/O端口操作进行读取，通过DDK提供的函数HalGetBusData,HalSetBusData在NT式驱动中进行读取，在WDM驱动中的读取方法，等。

一般程序所看到的内存指针都是虚拟内存，如果想操作物理内存，必须使用DDK提供的内核函数WRITE_REGISTER_XX,READ_REGISTER_XX系列函数。

MmAllocateContiguousMemory分配连续的物理地址，MmGetPhysicalAddress得到连续的物理内存地址。

代码

#pragma PAGEDCODE
NTSTATUS InitMyPCI(IN PDEVICE_EXTENSION pdx,IN PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_LIST list)
{
PDEVICE_OBJECT fdo = pdx -> fdo;

ULONG vector;
KIRQL irql;
KINTERRUPT_MODE mode;
KAFFINITY affinity;
BOOLEAN irqshare;
BOOLEAN gotinterrupt = FALSE;

PHYSICAL_ADDRESS portbase;
BOOLEAN gotport = FALSE;

PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR resource = & list -> PartialDescriptors[ 0 ];
ULONG nres = list -> Count;
BOOLEAN IsMem0 = TRUE;
for (ULONG i = 0 ; i < nres; ++ i, ++ resource)
{ // for each resource
switch (resource -> Type)
{ // switch on resource type
case CmResourceTypePort:
portbase = resource -> u.Port.Start;
pdx -> nports = resource -> u.Port.Length;
pdx -> mappedport = (resource -> Flags & CM_RESOURCE_PORT_IO) == 0 ;
gotport = TRUE;
break ;

case CmResourceTypeMemory:
if (IsMem0)
{
pdx -> MemBar0 = (PUCHAR)MmMapIoSpace(resource -> u.Memory.Start,
resource -> u.Memory.Length,
MmNonCached);
pdx -> nMem0 = resource -> u.Memory.Length;
IsMem0 = FALSE;
} else
{
pdx -> MemBar1 = (PUCHAR)MmMapIoSpace(resource -> u.Memory.Start,
resource -> u.Memory.Length,
MmNonCached);
pdx -> nMem1 = resource -> u.Memory.Length;
}

break ;

case CmResourceTypeInterrupt:
irql = (KIRQL) resource -> u.Interrupt.Level;
vector = resource -> u.Interrupt.Vector;
affinity = resource -> u.Interrupt.Affinity;
mode = (resource -> Flags == CM_RESOURCE_INTERRUPT_LATCHED)
? Latched : LevelSensitive;
irqshare = resource -> ShareDisposition == CmResourceShareShared;
gotinterrupt = TRUE;

break ;

default :
KdPrint(( " Unexpected I/O resource type %d\n " , resource -> Type));
break ;
} // switch on resource type
} // for each resource

if ( ! (TRUE && gotport && gotinterrupt ))
{
KdPrint(( " Didn't get expected I/O resources\n " ));
return STATUS_DEVICE_CONFIGURATION_ERROR;
}

if (pdx -> mappedport)
{ // map port address for RISC platform
pdx -> portbase = (PUCHAR) MmMapIoSpace(portbase, pdx -> nports, MmNonCached);
if ( ! pdx -> mappedport)
{
KdPrint(( " Unable to map port range %I64X, length %X\n " , portbase, pdx -> nports));
return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
}
} // map port address for RISC platform
else
pdx -> portbase = (PUCHAR) portbase.QuadPart;

NTSTATUS status = IoConnectInterrupt( & pdx -> InterruptObject, (PKSERVICE_ROUTINE) OnInterrupt,
(PVOID) pdx, NULL, vector, irql, irql, LevelSensitive, TRUE, affinity, FALSE);
if ( ! NT_SUCCESS(status))
{
KdPrint(( " IoConnectInterrupt failed - %X\n " , status));
if (pdx -> portbase && pdx -> mappedport)
MmUnmapIoSpace(pdx -> portbase, pdx -> nports);
pdx -> portbase = NULL;
return status;
}

#define IMAGE_LENGTH (640*480)
// 申请一段连续物理地址来读取图像
PHYSICAL_ADDRESS maxAddress;
maxAddress.u.LowPart = 0xFFFFFFFF ;
maxAddress.u.HighPart = 0 ;

pdx -> MemForImage = MmAllocateContiguousMemory(IMAGE_LENGTH,maxAddress);

PHYSICAL_ADDRESS pycialAddressForImage = MmGetPhysicalAddress(pdx -> MemForImage);

WRITE_REGISTER_BUFFER_UCHAR((PUCHAR)pdx -> MemBar0 + 0x10000 ,
(PUCHAR) & pycialAddressForImage.u.LowPart, 4 );

return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

 

示例代码 P428

参考

[1] Windows 驱动开发技术详解，张帆