前言
最近公司有打渠道包的需求，领导说使用fastlane来做持续集成，发了点时间研究了下，所有有了这篇文章
本文主要涉及到以下几个主题：
- fastlane是什么和为什么使用fastlane
- fastlane安装和设置
- 在项目中集成fastlane
是什么和为什么
fastlane是一款使用ruby实现的跨平台的持续集成工具，支持安卓和iOS平台项目的持续集成实践，fastlane处理提供基本的但是很强大的包含了：初始设置、屏幕截图、打包、上传到测试平台、部署等功能。此外还有大量的第三方插件可以使用，比如fir插件支持上传beta版本到fir测试平台，appicon插件支持自定义某个子版本的应用图标，还有很多不胜枚举。
因为项目的配置、打包、上传等一系列操作是耗时且没有技术含量的工作，所以有了fastlane可以为我们节省大量的没有什么价值的时间花费，以提高我们的工作效率。
fastlane安装和设置
安装
支持三种方式安装
- 使用brew安装
brew cask install fastlane
- 使用gem安装
sudo gem install fastlane -NV
- 下载安装包安装
fastlane下载，下载完了之后打开install脚本即可安装
安装完成之后命令行输入fastlane -v，可以看到fastlane的版本信息说明安装成功了，接下来可以继续设置步骤
➜ PlushGame fastlane -v
fastlane installation at path:
/Users/aron/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0@global/gems/fastlane-2.62.0/bin/fastlane
-----------------------------
fastlane 2.62.0
设置
进入到项目目录执行fastlane init命令，会有一系列的设置，包含了登录apple账号，确认fastlane检测到的项目信息确认，登录iTunesConnect和从iTunesConnect拉取项目已存在的信息
➜ PlushGame fastlane init
[20:37:45]: Get started using a Gemfile for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gemfile
[20:37:48]: Detected iOS/Mac project in current directory...
...
# 根据提示输入项目的Apple ID和对应的密码，会自动登录到苹果开发者后台，拉取开发者账号对应的信息完成设置
[20:37:52]: Your Apple ID (e.g. fastlane@krausefx.com): XXXXXX@126.com
[20:37:55]: Verifying that app is available on the Apple Developer Portal and iTunes Connect...
[20:37:55]: Starting login with user 'XXXXXX@126.com'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please provide your Apple Developer Program account credentials
The login information you enter will be stored in your macOS Keychain
You can also pass the password using the `FASTLANE_PASSWORD` environment variable
More information about it on GitHub: https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane/tree/master/credentials_manager
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 输入Apple ID 对应的密码
Password (for XXXXXX@126.com): **************
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Detected Values |
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Apple ID | XXXXXX@126.com |
| App Name | PlushGame |
| App Identifier | com.xxxx.xxxx |
| Workspace | /Users/aron/PuTaoWorkSpace/project/PlushGame/PlushG |
| | ame.xcworkspace |
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
# 检测到的项目信息要求确认，按y即可
[20:38:50]: Please confirm the above values (y/n)
y
[20:39:03]: Created new file './fastlane/Appfile'. Edit it to manage your preferred app metadata information.
[20:39:03]: Loading up 'deliver', this might take a few seconds
[20:39:03]: Login to iTunes Connect (XXXXXXX@126.com)
[20:39:16]: Login successful
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| deliver 2.62.0 Summary |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| run_precheck_before_submit | false |
| screenshots_path | ./fastlane/screenshots |
| metadata_path | ./fastlane/metadata |
| username | XXXXXX@126.com |
| app_identifier | com.xxxx.xxxxx |
| edit_live | false |
| platform | ios |
| skip_binary_upload | false |
| skip_screenshots | false |
| skip_metadata | false |
| skip_app_version_update | false |
| force | false |
| submit_for_review | false |
| automatic_release | false |
| dev_portal_team_id | JN55YSQ744 |
| overwrite_screenshots | false |
| precheck_default_rule_level | warn |
| ignore_language_directory_validation | false |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
# 从ituneconnect拉取已存在的元数据，这里只有截屏的信息
[20:39:34]: Downloading all existing screenshots...
[20:39:37]: Downloading existing screenshot '1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:39:42]: Downloading existing screenshot '2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:40:22]: Downloading existing screenshot '3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:40:49]: Downloading existing screenshot '4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
....
初始化设置之后再项目文件夹下多出了一个fastlane文件夹，主要有以下的一些的信息
➜ fastlane tree
.
├── Appfile
├── Deliverfile
├── Fastfile
├── metadata
│ ├── app_icon.jpg
│ ├── copyright.txt
│ └── zh-Hans
│ ├── description.txt
│ ├── keywords.txt
│ ├── marketing_url.txt
│ ├── name.txt
│ ├── privacy_url.txt
│ ├── promotional_text.txt
│ ├── release_notes.txt
│ ├── subtitle.txt
│ └── support_url.txt
└── screenshots
├── README.txt
└── zh-Hans
├── 1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg
├── 1_iphone6Plus_1.1.png
├── 2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg
├── 2_iphone6Plus_2.2.png
├── 3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg
├── 3_iphone6Plus_3.3.png
├── 4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg
├── 4_iphone6Plus_4.4.png
└── 5_iphone6Plus_5.5.png
8 directories, 62 files
最重要的是Appfile文件、Fastfile文件和Deliverfile文件
- Appfile文件保存了项目信息，包含项目使用的apple账号信息、项目的team_id信息、项目identifier信息
app_identifier "com.xxxx.xxxx" # The bundle identifier of your app
apple_id "XXXXXX@126.com" # Your Apple email address
team_id "XXXXXSQ744" # Developer Portal Team ID
- Fastfile文件保存了apple账号信息和teamid信息，该文件的信息用于上传appStore使用
app_identifier "com.sanshuai.FunCatch" # The bundle identifier of your app
username "sanshuai2017@126.com" # your Apple ID user
- Fastfile文件定义了一些列的action，包含了项目打包设置、项目打包、项目截图、项目上传测试平台、项目发布、项目打包完成后期的一些操作
初始的Fastfile大致如下，可以看到 lane :release 包含了snapshot action用于截屏gym action用于打包deliver action用于上传到App Storeframeit action用于给截屏添加边框
after_all 块中的slack action 则是负责打包成功之后发送信息到slack
fastlane_version "2.62.0"
default_platform :ios
platform :ios do
desc "Deploy a new version to the App Store"
lane :release do
# match(type: "appstore")
# snapshot
gym(scheme: "PlushGame") # Build your app - more options available
deliver(force: true)
# frameit
end
# You can define as many lanes as you want
after_all do |lane|
# This block is called, only if the executed lane was successful
# slack(
# message: "Successfully deployed new App Update."
# )
end
end
接下来是为我们自己的项目编写符合业务需求的Fastfile了
fastlane项目集成
fastlane 详细介绍
该部分会详细的介绍fastlane中的块操作和lane的用途，以及fastlane中预定义的常用的action
fastlane 中的块和lane
fastlane 包含了预定义块有：before_all 块用于项目打包之前的操作，比如可以使用cocopods命令更新pod库（如果使用的是pod项目）after_all 块用于项目打包完成之后的操作，比如通知用户打包完成error 块用于项目打包失败之后的操作，比如通知用户打包失败lane 定义一个打包操作的具体流程，预设的有 lane :release定义了打包并且发布到App Store，lane :beta 打包并且发布到testflight测试平台。
fastlane 常用的action以及参数
fastlane中最主要的操作就是调用action，fastlane预定义了很多很有用的action，如果不够还可以使用第三发提供的插件调用第三发的action。下面介绍几个fastlane中预定的actiongym 是打包action，是 build_ios_app action的别名，他有以下常用的参数：
| key | 描述 |
|---|---|
| workspace | 如果项目是一个workspace，则是该项目的workspace路径 |
| project | 项目的project路径 |
| scheme | 项目的scheme，注意指定的scheme需要被指定为shared，/->Manage Schemes->Shared复选框需要打钩 |
| output_directory | 打包保存路径 |
| output_name | 打包保存的文件名 |
| export_method | 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod 可选:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development(默认), developer-id] |
| configuration | 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会 |
set_info_plist_value是设置修改info.plist文件的 action，一次调用该action只能设置一个值，可以多次调用该命令来设置多个值，他有以下常用的参数：
| key | 描述 |
|---|---|
| path | info.plist文件路径 |
| key | info.plist文件中的key |
| value | key对应的值 |
pilot 是上传到TestFlight的 action，是 upload_to_testflight action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数
deliver 是上传到App Store的 action，是 upload_to_app_store action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数，会从Deliverfile文件读取账号信息登录到ITunesConnect从./fastlane/metadata ./fastlane/screenshots 文件夹中读取配置的App信息元数据然后上传
fastlane其他操作
fastlane是一个ruby的脚本，可以在里面执行自定义的脚本文件，比如添加 sh "your_script.sh" 语句可以执行自定义的脚本命令，也可以添加 'pwd' (这里使用的是反引号)执行一个shell命令或者添加 exec("pwd") 执行一个shell命令
Fastfile文件基本的编写
下面以一个真实的业务场景为例，该业务场景要求多渠道打包，并且不同渠道对应的配置有差异（info.plist文件配置不同和图标不同），打包支持上传到fir测试平台，不同渠道打包的命名方式是【时间+渠道+名称.ipa】格式，最后还需要把对应的dsym文件和ipa文件压缩归档为一个zip包文件。
# Customise this file, documentation can be found here:
# https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions/
# All available actions: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
# can also be listed using the `fastlane actions` command
# Change the syntax highlighting to Ruby
# All lines starting with a # are ignored when running `fastlane`
# If you want to automatically update fastlane if a new version is available:
# update_fastlane
# This is the minimum version number required.
# Update this, if you use features of a newer version
fastlane_version "2.62.0"
default_platform :ios
platform :ios do
before_all do
# ENV["SLACK_URL"] = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/..."
# cocoapods
# carthage
end
desc "Runs all the tests"
lane :test do
scan
end
# 定义全局参数：项目名称
projName = "Plush"
# 定义全局参数：Assets路径
projAssetsPath = "../#{projName}/Resources/Assets.xcassets"
# 定义全局参数：Info.plist路径
plistPath = "./#{projName}/Resources/Info.plist"
# 定义全局参数：包名（接收之后压缩使用）
pkgName = ""
# 定义全局参数：基本包名
basePkgName = "Plush"
# 定义全局参数：输出目录，对应output_directory配置
outputBaseDir = "output"
desc "自定义的渠道打包"
desc "使用方式：苹果助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:pgzs shouldUp:0`"
desc "使用方式：91助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0`"
desc "op 支持参数： ch:渠道类型[pgzs, 91zs, AppStore(默认)]"
desc "op 支持参数： shouldUp:是否需要上传[0, 1]"
desc "op 支持参数： up:上传类型[testflight, fir]"
desc "op 支持参数： exportMethod: export_method 配置[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development（默认）, developer-id] ** up为testflight需要制定为app-store **"
desc "op 支持参数： version:版本(可选)"
desc "op 支持参数： build:构建版本(可选，testflight和appstore这个参数需要制定一个不重复的)"
lane :customChannelBeta do |op|
# 渠道
channel = op[:ch]
if channel.nil? || channel.empty?
channel = "AppStore"
end
# 打包名字
time = Time.new
dateTimeStr = "#{time.year}-#{time.month}-#{time.day}_#{time.hour}-#{time.min}"
pkgName = "#{dateTimeStr}_#{channel}_#{basePkgName}.ipa"
# match(type: "appstore") # more information: https://codesigning.guide
#设置plist，此处传入plist路径，可以用来做环境配置
set_info_plist_value(path: plistPath, key: "pt_channel", value: channel)
# # 设置AppIcon
# iconPath = op[:iconPath]
# if iconPath.nil? || iconPath.empty?
# iconPath = "channel_config/#{channel}/icon1024.png"
# iconPath = "channel_config/91zs/icon1024.png"
# end
# puts "iconPath = #{iconPath}"
# appicon(appicon_image_file: iconPath,
# appicon_devices: [:ipad, :iphone, :ios_marketing, :watch, :watch_marketing])
# 拷贝AppIcon.appiconset替换图标
iconAssetPath = op[:iconPath]
if iconAssetPath.nil? || iconAssetPath.empty?
iconAssetPath = "../channel_config/#{channel}/AppIcon.appiconset"
end
cpCmd = "cp -fRv #{iconAssetPath} #{projAssetsPath}"
`#{cpCmd}`
puts "cpCmd = #{cpCmd}"
# 设置显示版本和构建版本
version = op[:version]
build = op[:build]
if version.nil? || version.empty?
else
increment_version_number(version_number: version)
end
if build.nil? || build.empty?
else
increment_build_number(build_number: build)
end
exportMethod = op[:exportMethod]
if exportMethod.nil? || exportMethod.empty?
exportMethod = "development"
end
puts "exportMethod = #{exportMethod} pkgName = #{pkgName} outputBaseDir = #{outputBaseDir}"
# build_ios_app 参数配置
gym(
export_method: exportMethod, # 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development(默认), developer-id]
output_name: pkgName,
configuration: "Release", # 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会
output_directory: outputBaseDir,
scheme: "Plush",
)
# 是否需要上传配置，默认不上传
shouldUp = op[:shouldUp]
if shouldUp == "1"
# 上传测试包到测试平台类型，默认上传到fir，可以支持多种测试平台使用逗号分隔
# testflight, fir
upType = op[:up]
if upType.nil? || upType.empty?
upType = "fir"
end
if upType.include? "testflight"
pilot # 上传到testflight
elsif upType.include? "fir"
firim(firim_api_token: "xxxxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建
end
end
end
desc "上传到 App Store"
lane :release do
# match(type: "appstore")
# snapshot
gym(
export_method: "app-store", # 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development, developer-id]
output_name: pkgName,
configuration: "Release", # 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会
output_directory: outputBaseDir,
scheme: "Plush",
)
deliver(force: true)
# frameit
end
# You can define as many lanes as you want
after_all do |lane, op|
# This block is called, only if the executed lane was successful
# slack(
# message: "Successfully deployed new App Update."
# )
if !pkgName.empty?
fileName = pkgName.gsub(".ipa", "")
dsymName = "#{fileName}.app.dSYM.zip"
zipFileName = "#{fileName}.zip"
# 使用zip命令压缩
zipCmd = "zip ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{zipFileName} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{dsymName} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{pkgName}"
puts "begin zip #{zipCmd}"
`#{zipCmd}`
end
end
error do |lane, exception|
# slack(
# message: exception.message,
# success: false
# )
end
end
使用方式：
#打91助手渠道的包不上传
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0
# 91助手渠道打包并且上传到fir
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:1 up:fir
# testflight 打包上传
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta shouldUp:1 up:testflight exportMethod:app-store
# AppStore 打包上传
bundle exec fastlane release
执行打包的命令会在项目目录下生成一个output目录，内容如下
➜ output tree
.
├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.app.dSYM.zip
├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.ipa
└── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.zip
添加第三方插件
fastlane有很多的第三方扩展插件，下面以添加firim插件为例
查找插件
使用fastlane search_plugins查找插件
➜ output fastlane search_plugins fir
...
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| fastlane plugins 'fir' |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| Name | Description | Downloads |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| firebase | Unofficial tool to access Firebase | 1393 |
| | project settings | |
| firim | firim | 1142 |
| fir | Upload a new build to fir.im | 807 |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
安装插件
使用fastlane add_plugin安装插件
# fastlane 安装firim插件
➜ PlushGame fastlane add_plugin firim
# 添加 `bundle exec` 使用本地的插件，加快速度
➜ PlushGame bundle exec fastlane add_plugin firim
[15:08:48]: Plugin 'fastlane-plugin-firim' was added to './fastlane/Pluginfile'
[15:08:48]: Make sure to commit your Gemfile, Gemfile.lock and Pluginfile to version control
Installing plugin dependencies...
Successfully installed plugins
添加成功之后再 fastlane 目录下多出了一个 Pluginfile 文件，描述添加的插件的信息
# Autogenerated by fastlane
#
# Ensure this file is checked in to source control!
gem 'fastlane-plugin-firim'
插件使用方法
使用fastlane action查找某个action的使用方法和参数，下面是查找firim action的使用方法和参数的例子
➜ Plush.app fastlane action firim
[23:50:31]: fastlane detected a Gemfile in the current directory
[23:50:31]: however it seems like you don't use `bundle exec`
[23:50:31]: to launch fastlane faster, please use
[23:50:31]:
[23:50:31]: $ bundle exec fastlane action firim
[23:50:31]:
[23:50:31]: Get started using a Gemfile for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gemfile
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| Used plugins |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| Plugin | Version | Action |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| fastlane-plugin-firim | 0.1.0 | firim |
| fastlane-plugin-appicon | 0.11.0 | android_appicon appicon |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
Loading documentation for firim:
+------------------------------------+
| firim |
+------------------------------------+
| Uses firim to upload ipa to fir.im |
| |
| Created by whlsxl |
+------------------------------------+
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
| firim Options |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
| Key | Description | Env Var | Default |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
| firim_api_token | fir.im user api token | | |
| firim_username | fir.im username, a sign | | |
| | for identify different | | |
| | token | | |
| ipa | Path to your ipa file | DELIVER_IPA_PATH | |
| icon | Path to the app icon, | | |
| | MUST BE jpg | | |
| app_identifier | The app's identifier | | |
| app_name | The app's name | | |
| app_desc | The app's desc | | |
| app_short | The app's short URL | | |
| app_is_opened | APP's download link | | |
| | whether opened | | |
| app_is_show_plaza | Whether the app show in | | |
| | plaza | | |
| app_passwd | The app's download page | | |
| | password | | |
| app_store_link_visible | Whether show store link | | |
| | in download page | | |
| app_version | The app's version | | |
| app_build_version | The app's build version | | |
| app_release_type | The app's release type | | |
| | (Adhoc, Inhouse) | | |
| app_changelog | The app's changelog | | |
| app_info_to_file_path | Append all [app's name] | | |
| | : [URL] to this file | | |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
More information can be found on https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
在Fastfile中添加firim action，把包上传到fir，token可以到fir后台点击右上角的设置获取即可
firim(firim_api_token: "xxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建
结束
以上就是fastlane在项目中的实战演练，需要能够帮助到需要得人
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