10.Configure One-to-Many（配置一对多关系）【Code-First系列】

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 09:47:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 09:47:53 发布

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文章标签：数据库

现在，我们将学习怎么配置一对多的关系。

Visit Entity Relationship section to understand how EF manages one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships between the entities.

Note: You do not need to configure for one-to-many relationships either using DataAnnotations or Fluent API, if entity classes follow the conventions.

请注意；如果你是按照默认的约定来命名属性的话，不用手动配置一对多的关系，因为Code-First默认约定，会自动帮我们搞定。

一、使用数据注解特性来，配置一对多的关系

先来看看，使用默认的约定，Code-First自动帮我们配置一对多的关系的例子吧：

Standard班级表，Student学生表，一个班级有多个学生，一个学生只能属于一个班级

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Student
    {
       public int StudentId { get; set; }

       public string StudentName { get; set; }

       public virtual Standard Standard { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Standard
    {
       public int StandardID { get; set; }

       public string Description { get; set; }

       public virtual ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }

    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class DbContextClass:DbContext
    {
       public DbContextClass()
           : base("name=ConnectionString") 
       { 
       
       }

       public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }

       public DbSet<Standard> Standards { get; set; }


    }
}

然后运行程序，就自动生成数据库,我们看下默认约定，自动生成的数据库是啥样的：

上面的一对多的关系是Code-First默认帮我们搞定的。

It is recommended to include foreign key property in Student entity class. So, include StandardId as per default convention or use ForeignKey attribute to give a different name of the foreign key property. For example, the following code includes StandardRefId property for the foreign key.

现在我们来自己配置：

上面看到的外键名称，是默认生成的，我们现在自己弄个外键名字：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Student
    {
       public int StudentId { get; set; }

       public string StudentName { get; set; }

       public int StandardRefID { get; set; }

       [ForeignKey("StandardRefID")]
       public virtual Standard Standard { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Standard
    {
       public int StandardID { get; set; }

       public string Description { get; set; }

       public virtual ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }

    }
}

二、使用Fluent API来配置一对多的关系：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class DbContextClass:DbContext
    {
       public DbContextClass()
           : base("name=ConnectionString") 
       {
           Database.SetInitializer(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<DbContextClass>());
       }

       public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }

       public DbSet<Standard> Standards { get; set; }

       protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
       {
           //配置一对多的关系
           modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().HasRequired(s => s.Standard).WithMany(s => s.Students);
           base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
       }


    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Student
    {
       public int StudentId { get; set; }

       public string StudentName { get; set; }

      // public int StandardRefID { get; set; }

       //[ForeignKey("StandardRefID")]
       public virtual Standard Standard { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Standard
    {
       public int StandardID { get; set; }

       public string Description { get; set; }

       public virtual ICollection<Student> Students { get; set; }

    }
}

可以看到生成的数据库是这样的：

看到没有，虽然生成了一对多的关系，但是外键的名字，还是默认的，我想自定义，接着我们修改一下代码：

改动一下Student实体的代码，取消注释：

  public int StandardRefID { get; set; }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class Student
    {
       public int StudentId { get; set; }

       public string StudentName { get; set; }

       public int StandardRefID { get; set; }

       //[ForeignKey("StandardRefID")]
       public virtual Standard Standard { get; set; }
    }
}

然后改动上下文的代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EF6
{
   public class DbContextClass:DbContext
    {
       public DbContextClass()
           : base("name=ConnectionString") 
       {
           Database.SetInitializer(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<DbContextClass>());
       }

       public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }

       public DbSet<Standard> Standards { get; set; }

       protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
       {
           //配置一对多的关系
           modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().HasRequired(s => s.Standard).WithMany(s => s.Students).HasForeignKey(s=>s.StandardRefID);
           base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
       }


    }
}