MySQL支持单向、异步复制，复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器，而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器。这与同步复制可以进行对比，同步复制是MySQL的一个特征。主服务器将更新写入二进制日志文件，并维护文件的一个索引以跟踪日志循环。这些日志可以记录发送到从服务器的更新。当一个从服务器连接主服务器时，它通知主服务器从服务器在日志中读取的最后一次成功更新的位置。从服务器接收从那时起发生的任何更新，然后并等待主服务器通知新的更新。
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实验环境在redhat6.4 ▎ 安装包使用的mysql-5.5.33版本的。
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1.下载完mysq安装包到主服务器上
mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
2.复制安装包到从服务器上
[root@yulong ~]# scp mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz root@172.16.8.11:/root
3.解压包到指定路径下
tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
4.新建一个mysql用户和mysql的数据库目录,修改创建的目录属主和属组为mysql
[root@yulong local]# useradd -r -u 306 mysql [root@yulong local]# mkdir -pv /mydata/data [root@yulong local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data/ [root@yulong local]# ls -ld /mydata/data/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 26 11:52 /mydata/data/
5.创建一个软连接为mysql,并把mysql里面的文件属主改为root属组为mysql
[root@yulong local]# ln -sv mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql `mysql' -> `mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64' [root@yulong local]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@yulong mysql]# chown -R root:mysql *
6.初始化数据库一些准备
[root@yulong ]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@yulong mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@yulong mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@yulong mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@yulong mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh cp主配置文件 cpmysq.server脚本到启动路径下 输出环境变量 重读下环境变量配置文件
7.初始化mysql数据库
[root@yulong mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf datadir=/mydata/data innodb_file_per_table = 1 [root@yulong mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/ Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK
8.启动mysql服务
[root@yulong mysql]# service mysqld start [root@yulong mysql]# netstat -tnlp tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3018/mysqld
9.下面配置主服务的一些参数，使从服务器可以同步数据
[root@yulong mysql]# mysql mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to tom@'172.16.%.%' identified by 'redhat'; mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 351 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10.从服务器上配置步骤和1-8的步骤一样这里就不再次配置了
11.编辑从服务器上主配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 20 relay-log = /mydata/data/relay-bin 添加上面这两项
12.启动复制线程
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.8.10', MASTER_USER='tom', MASTER_PASSWORD='redhat'
13.在主服务器上添加一个数据，看看主从是不是一样的
mysql> create database qq; mysql> create database taobao; mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qq | | taobao | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
14.在从服务器上查看
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qq | | taobao | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 从上面的对比看出数据是一样的
二.下面来实现增量复制
1.先把从服务器数据库停掉
[root@localhost data]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.... [ OK ]
2.删除数据库目录中的数据和重新初始化
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /mydata/data/ [root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
3.在主数据库中添加一些数据在备份下数据库
mysql> create table zhongqiu ( id int,name varchar); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec) mysql> insert into zhongqiu values (1,q),(2,n),(3,j); mysql> select * from zhongqiu; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | q | | 2 | n | | 3 | j | | 1 | l | [root@yulong data]# mysqldump -uroot --all-databases --lock-all-tables --events --master-data=2 > /tmp/all.sql
4.把备份的数据导入到从服务器上
[root@yulong data]# scp /tmp/all.sql root@172.16.8.11:/root/ [root@localhost ~]# mysql < all.sql mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qq | | taobao | | test | +--------------------+ scp到从服务器上 导入数据
5.然后从导入数据之后开始复制主服务上的数据
[root@localhost ~]# head -30 all.sql
找到数据最后记录的位置大概就是下面这段
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=1034;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.8.10', MASTER_USER='tom', MASTER_PASSWORD='redhat', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=1034;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.8.10
Master_User: tom
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1034
Relay_Log_File: ralay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
6.在主服务器上添加数据看看从服务器是否同步
mysql> create database nihao; 主的：mysql> show databases; 从的：mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ +--------------------+ | Database | | Database | +--------------------+ +--------------------+ | information_schema | | information_schema | | mysql | | mysql | | nihao | | nihao | | performance_schema | | performance_schema | | qq | | qq | | taobao | | taobao | | test | | test | +--------------------+ +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.03 sec) 7 rows in set (0.03 sec)
三.实现半同步
1.在主服务器上安装master模块
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1; mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000;
2.在从服务器安装添加Slave模块
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so'; mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1; mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
3.查看主服务器上的semi_sync是否开启，注意clients 变为1，证明主从半同步复制连接成功:
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'rpl_semi%'; mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%rpl_semi%'; +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 863 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 863 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 1 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 | | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 1 | +--------------------------------------------+-------+ 14 rows in set (0.02 sec) 正常滴
为mysql建立安全的SSL加密
1.在主服务器上为CA生成一个私钥
[root@yulong CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakye.pem 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ..........................................................................+++ ..............................+++
2.在主服务器上生成自签证书
[root@yulong CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakye.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365 Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:beijing Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:beijing Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:172.16.8.10
3.主服务器上申请证书
[root@yulong data]# mkdir ssl [root@yulong data]# chown mysql.mysql ssl [root@yulong data]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key 2048) [root@yulong data]# openssl req -new -key /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.csr [root@yulong data]# openssl ca -in /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.csr -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt -days 365
4.编辑主服务器上的配置文件支持SSL功能
[root@yulong data]# vim /etc/my.cnf ssl ssl-ca=/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key
5.在从服务器上生成一个签署证书
[root@yulong data]# mkdir ssl [root@yulong data]# chown mysql.mysql ssl [root@yulong data]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.key 2048) [root@yulong data]# openssl req -new -key /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.csr
6.把签署证书发送到主服务器上,在主服务器上签署证书后在发给从服务器
[root@localhost ssl]# scp mysql.csr root@172.16.8.10:/etc/pki/CA [root@yulong CA]# openssl ca -in mysql.csr -out mysql.crt -days 365 [root@yulong CA]# scp cacert.pem mysql.crt root@172.16.8.11:/usr/local/mysql/ssl [root@yulong ssl]## chown -R mysql.mysql * 把放秘钥的文件中的属主和属组调整为mysql
7.配置my.cnf文件在开启SSL重启服务
[root@yulong data]# echo 'ssl' > /etc/cnf [root@yulong data]#service mysqld restart
8主上创建ssl链接的用户
mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to openssl@172.16.8.11 identified by 'redhat';
9.从服务器上通过ssl链接主服务器
mysql > change master to master_host='172.16.8.10', master_user='openssl', master_password='redhat', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_port=3306,master_log_pos=430, master_ssl=1, master_ssl_ca='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem', master_ssl_cert='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.crt', master_ssl_key='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.key';
10.查看slave的状态
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.8.10
Master_User: openssl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 430
Relay_Log_File: ralay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 430
Relay_Log_Space: 403
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
Master_SSL_CA_File: /usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert: /usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.crt
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key: /usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.key
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
11.通过命令看下链接状态
[root@localhost ssl]# mysql --ssl-ca=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.crt --ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/mysql.key -uopenssl -h172.16.8.10 -predhat mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.33, for linux2.6 (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 15 Current database: Current user: openssl@172.16.8.11 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.5.33-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 172.16.8.10 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 9 min 47 sec
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/gyulong/1299852
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