下面总结linux下的三个命令,来介绍一下linux下的计算方法:

1)bc


bc在默认的情况下是个交互式的指令。在bc工作环境下,可以使用以下计算符号:
+ 加法
- 减法
* 乘法
/ 除法
^ 指数
% 余数
如:

# bc bc 1.06 Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. For details type `warranty'. 3+6 <=加法 9 4+2*3 <=加法、乘法 10 (4+2)*3 <=加法、乘法(优先) 18 4*6/8 <=乘法、除法 3 10^3 <=指数 1000 18%5 <=余数 3+4;5*2;5^2;18/4 <=一行输入多个计算,用;相隔。 7 10 25 4 quit <=退出
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } # bc bc 1.06 Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. For details type `warranty'. scale=3 <=设小数位 1/3 .333 quit .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
以上是交互的计算,那到也可以不进行交互而直接计算出结果。
A.用echo和|法,如:

 

# echo "(6+3)*2" |bc 18 # echo 15/4 |bc 3 # echo "scale=2;15/4" |bc 3.75 # echo "3+4;5*2;5^2;18/4" |bc 7 10 25 4
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
另外,bc除了scale来设定小数位之外,还有ibase和obase来其它进制的运算。
如:
//将16进制的A7输出为10进制, 注意,英文只能大写
# echo "ibase=16;A7" |bc
167
//将2进制的11111111转成10进制
# echo "ibase=2;11111111" |bc
255
//输入为16进制,输出为2进制
# echo "ibase=16;obase=2;B5-A4" |bc
10001
对于bc还有补充,在bc --help中还可以发现:bc后可以接文件名。如:
# more calc.txt 3+2 4+5 8*2 10/4 # bc calc.txt 5 9 16 2
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
2)expr


expr命令可不光能计算加减乘除哦,还有很多表达式,都可以计算出结果,不过有一点需要注意,在计算加减乘除时,不要忘了使用空格和转义。下面直接用实例来介绍一下expr的运算,如:

# expr 6 + 3 (有空格) 9 # expr 2 \* 3 (有转义符号) 6 # expr 14 % 9 5 # a=3 # expr $a+5 (无空格) 3+5 # expr $a + 5 (变量,有空格) 8 # a=`expr 4 + 2` echo $a 6 # expr $a + 3 9
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

另外,expr对于字串的操作(计算)也是很方便的,如:
//字串长度
# expr length "yangzhigang.cublog.cn"
21
//从位置处抓取字串
# expr substr "yangzhigang.cublog.cn" 1 11
yangzhigang

//字串开始处
# expr index "yangzhigang.cublog.cn" cu
13

3)dc


用dc来进行计算的人可以不多,因为dc与bc相比要复杂,但是在进行简单的计划时,是差不多的,不算难。dc为压栈操作,默认也是交互的,但也可以用echo和|来配合打算。
如:

# dc 3 2+ p 5 4* p 20 quit # echo 3 2+ 4* p |dc 20
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
4)echo


echo用来进行回显,是周知的事。上面也配合bc来进行计算。其实echo也可以单独进行简单的计算,如:

# echo $((3+5)) 8 # echo $(((3+5)*2)) 16 echo还可以进行变量的计算,如: # a=10 # b=5 # echo $(($a+$b)) 15 # echo $a+$b 10+5 # echo $a+$b |bc 15 //计算前天的日期 # echo `date +%Y%m%d` 20090813 # echo `date +%Y%m%d`-2 20090813-2 # echo `date +%Y%m%d`-2 |bc 20090811
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black;"Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
5)AWK


awk在处理文件的时,可以进行运算,那当然也可以单单用来计算了,如:
# awk 'BEGIN{a=3+2;print a}'
5
# awk 'BEGIN{a=(3+2)*2;print a}'
10