【JSP开发】利用cookie实现商品浏览记录

在主页中显示商品，点击商品可以查看商品的具体信息，带用户浏览完之后，回到主页，就会看到自己曾经浏览过什么商品。


商品主页Servlet

CookieDemo3.java:
package cn.edu.cookie;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//代表首页的Servlet
public class CookieDemo3 extends HttpServlet {


	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
		
       //1.输出网站所有商品
		out.write("本网站有如下商品：<br/>");
		Map<String,Book> map = Db.getAll();
		for(Map.Entry<String, Book> entry :map.entrySet())
		{
			Book book=entry.getValue();
			out.print("<a href='/day07/CookieDemo4?id="+book.getId()+"' terget='_blank'>"+book.getName()+"</a><br/>");
		}
		
	   //2.输出用户曾经看过的商品
		out.print("您曾经看过如下商品：<br/>");
		Cookie cookies[]= request.getCookies();
		for(int i=0;cookies!=null&&i<cookies.length;i++)
		{
			//是不是要加if(cookies[i].getName().equals("BookHistory"))判断？
		    String ids[]=cookies[i].getValue().split("\\,");
		    for(String id:ids){
		    	Book book=(Book)Db.getAll().get(id);
		        out.print(book.getName()+"<br/>");
		    }
		    
		}
	}


	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
       doGet(request,response);
	}


}


//如果有检索数据的需求，用双列（Map）的容器，若没有用单列的（List）
//模拟数据库
class Db{
	private static Map<String,Book> map=new LinkedHashMap();//HashMap取出来和存进去的顺序不是一致的（自己测试）
	//类初始化代码（写在静态代码块里）
	static{
		map.put("1",new Book("1","JAVAWEB开发","老张","一本好书！"));
		map.put("2",new Book("2","JDBC开发","老张","一本好书！"));
		map.put("3",new Book("3","Spring开发","老黎","一本好书！"));
		map.put("4",new Book("4","struts开发","老毕","一本好书！"));
		map.put("5",new Book("5","android开发","老黎","一本好书！"));
	}
	
	public static Map getAll(){
		return map;
	}
}


class Book{
	private String id;
	private String name;
	private String author;
	private String description;
	
	public Book(){
		super();
	}
	public Book(String id, String name, String author, String description) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.author = author;
		this.description = description;
	}
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}
	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}
	
	
}

CookieDemo4.java是每件商品的详细信息Servlet，在这里，cookie中的"BookHistory"就是存储的浏览记录，记录的是
浏览每件商品的id记录顺序的字符串。组建该字符串的时候需要注意一下四种情况:
1.当一件商品都没有浏览过时，即BookHistory=null 
此时加入的商品直接组成字符串CookieValue即可，假设此时浏览过id=1的商品，
CookieValue="1";

2.当浏览的商品是以前浏览过的，即BookHistory="2,5,1"的时候此时又浏览了id=1的

商品，这个时候，就要找到原来的那个id，删除它，将此次浏览的记录加入到最前面。

即BookHistory="2,5,1"变成了BookHistory="1,2,5"

3.由于我们的商品浏览记录有限，只记录前三个，所以每当新的记录加入的时候，要判断
是否满三个，满了的话，删除最后一个，将最新的加入到最前面。
如BookHistory=2,5,4，当又浏览了1商品，要改成BookHistory=1,2,5

4.如果不满3个，又不和以前的重复，直接将记录加在最前面即可
如BookHistory=2,5的时候，又浏览了1商品，此时BookHistory=1,2,5

CookieDemo4.java

package cn.edu.cookie;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//显示商品详细信息的Servlet
public class CookieDemo4 extends HttpServlet {


	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
		
		//根据用户带过来的id，显示相应商品的详细信息
		//getParameter是拿到客户机带过来的数据(通过表单和链接传递的参数使用getParameter)
        String id =request.getParameter("id");//当两个Web组件之间为转发关系时采用getAttribute
        Book book=(Book) Db.getAll().get(id);


        out.write(book.getId()+"<br/>");
        out.write(book.getAuthor()+"<br/>");
        out.write(book.getName()+"<br/>");
        out.write(book.getDescription()+"<br/>");
		
        //构建cookie，回写给浏览器
        
        /*一个web应用最多能被浏览器记录20个左右的cookie
                           所以这里要把大量的cookie记录到一起，记录成一个cookie*/
        String CookieValue =buildCookie(id,request);
        Cookie cookie=new Cookie("BookHistory",CookieValue);
        cookie.setMaxAge(1*30*24*3600);
        cookie.setPath("/day07");
        response.addCookie(cookie);
	}


	private String buildCookie(String id, HttpServletRequest request) {
		
		//四种cookie情况
		//BookHistory=null   1   1
		//BookHistory=2,5,1   1   1,2,5
		//BookHistory=2,5,4   1   1,2,5
		//BookHistory=2,5   1   1,2,5
		
		String BookHistory=null;
		Cookie cookies[]=request.getCookies();
		for(int i=0;cookies!=null&&i<cookies.length;i++){
			if(cookies[i].getName().equals("BookHistory")){
				BookHistory=cookies[i].getValue();
			}
		}
		
		if(BookHistory==null){
			return id;
		}
		
		//分割成数组，之后将数组转成集合,集合转成链表
		LinkedList<String> list=new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(BookHistory.split("\\,")));
		//分情况分配新的cookie值
		if(list.contains(id)){
			//BookHistory=2,5,1   1   1,2,5
			list.remove(id);
			list.addFirst(id);
		}else{
			if(list.size()>=3){
				//BookHistory=2,5,4   1   1,2,5
				list.removeLast();
				list.addFirst(id);
			}else{
				//BookHistory=2,5   1   1,2,5
				//BookHistory=null   1   1
				list.addFirst(id);
			}
		}
		
		StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
		for(String bid : list){
			sb.append(bid+",");
		}
		
		return sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1).toString();
	}


	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request,response);
	}


}

至此，介绍了使用cookie记录商品浏览记录的小例子。

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