1.  向项目添加 app.config 文件:
右击项目名称,选择“添加”→“添加新建项”,在出现的“添加新项”对话框中,选择“添加应用程序配置文件”;如果项目以前没有配置文件,则默认的文件名称为“ app.config ”,单击“确定”。出现在设计器视图中的 app.config 文件为:
<? xml version = "1.0"encoding="utf-8" ?>
< configuration >
</ configuration >
在项目进行编译后,在 bin\Debuge 文件下,将出现两个配置文件 ( 以本项目为例 ) ,一个名为“ JxcManagement.EXE.config ”,另一个名为“ JxcManagement.vshost.exe.config ”。第一个文件为项目实际使用的配置文件,在程序运行中所做的更改都将被保存于此;第二个文件为原代码“ app.config ”的同步文件,在程序运行中不会发生更改。
2.  connectionStrings 配置节:
请注意:如果您的 SQL 版本为 2005 Express 版,则默认安装时 SQL 服务器实例名为 localhost\SQLExpress ,须更改以下实例中“ Data Source=localhost; ”一句为“ Data Source=localhost\SQLExpress; ”,在等于号的两边不要加上空格。
<!-- 数据库连接串 -->
     < connectionStrings >
         < clear  />
         < add name = "conJxcBook"
               connectionString = "Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=jxcbook;User                                   ID=sa;password=********"
               providerName = "System.Data.SqlClient" />
     </ connectionStrings >
3. appSettings 配置节:
appSettings 配置节为整个程序的配置,如果是对当前用户的配置,请使用 userSettings 配置节,其格式与以下配置书写要求一样。
<!-- 进销存管理系统初始化需要的参数 -->
     < appSettings >
         < clear  />
         < add key = "userName"value="" />
         < add key = "password"value="" />
         < add key = "Department"value="" />
         < add key = "returnValue"value="" />
         < add key = "pwdPattern"value="" />
         < add key = "userPattern"value="" />
</ appSettings >
4. 读取与更新 app.config
对于 app.config文件的读写,参照了网络文章: http://www.codeproject.com/csharp/  SystemConfiguration.asp标题为“Read/Write App.Config File with .NET 2.0 ”一文。
请注意:要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件,除添加引用System.Configuration外,还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用。
4.1 读取connectionStrings配置节
/// <summary>
/// 依据连接串名字connectionName返回数据连接字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="connectionName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private  static string GetConnectionStringsConfig(string connectionName)
{
string  connectionString =
        ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[connectionName].ConnectionString.ToString();
    Console.WriteLine(connectionString);
    return connectionString;
}
4.2 更新connectionStrings配置节
/// <summary>
/// 更新连接字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="newName"> 连接字符串名称 </param>
/// <param name="newConString"> 连接字符串内容 </param>
/// <param name="newProviderName"> 数据提供程序名称 </param>
private  static void UpdateConnectionStringsConfig(string newName,
    string newConString,
    string newProviderName)
{
    bool isModified = false;    // 记录该连接串是否已经存在
    // 如果要更改的连接串已经存在
    if (ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[newName] != null)
    {
        isModified = true;
    }
    // 新建一个连接字符串实例
    ConnectionStringSettings mySettings =
        new ConnectionStringSettings(newName, newConString, newProviderName);
    //  打开可执行的配置文件*.exe.config
    Configuration config =
        ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
    //  如果连接串已存在,首先删除它
    if (isModified)
    {
        config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Remove(newName);
    }
    //  将新的连接串添加到配置文件中.
    config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Add(mySettings);
    //  保存对配置文件所作的更改
    config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
    //  强制重新载入配置文件的ConnectionStrings配置节
    ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("ConnectionStrings");
}
4.3 读取appStrings配置节
/// <summary>
/// 返回*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节的value项
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private  static string GetAppConfig(string strKey)
{
    foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
    {
        if (key == strKey)
        {
            return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[strKey];
        }
    }
    return null;
}
4.4 更新connectionStrings配置节
/// <summary>
/// 在*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节增加一对键、值对
/// </summary>
/// <param name="newKey"></param>
/// <param name="newValue"></param>
private  static void UpdateAppConfig(string newKey, string newValue)
{
    bool isModified = false;   
    foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
    {
       if(key==newKey)
        {   
            isModified = true;
        }
    }
 
    // Open App.Config of executable
    Configuration config =
        ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
    // You need to remove the old settings object before you can replace it
    if (isModified)
    {
        config.AppSettings.Settings.Remove(newKey);
    }   
    // Add an Application Setting.
    config.AppSettings.Settings.Add(newKey,newValue);  
    // Save the changes in App.config file.
    config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
    // Force a reload of a changed section.
    ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
}
5.加密配置文件
此节代码参照Dariush Tasdighi所著文章《 Encrypt and Decrypt of ConnectionString in app.config and/or web.config!》,原文载于 http://www.codeproject.com/useritems/Configuration_File.asp
请注意:(1)要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件,除添加引用System.Configuration外,还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用; (2)以下示例代码中的DPAPI提供程序为“ DataProtectionConfigurationProvider”,这是一种基于机器名和当前用户密码的加密方式。 如果计划在多台服务器( Web  场合)上使用相同的加密配置文件,则只有通过  RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider  才能导出加密密钥,并将其导入其他服务器。 (3) 加密后的配置文件不需要解密即可用上述方法直接读取。
5.1  加密 connectionStrings 配置节
/// <summary>
/// 加密配置文件中的ConnectionString节
/// </summary>
/// <param name="protect"> true 为加密,false为解密 </param>
public  static void ConnectionStringProtection( bool protect)
{
    // 取得当前程序的执行路径
    string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
    //  定义Dpapi提供程序的名称.
    string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
 
    System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
    System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection oSection = null;
 
    try
    {
        //  打开配置文件,并取得connectionStrings配置节.
        oConfiguration =
                System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);
 
        if (oConfiguration != null)
        {
            bool blnChanged = false;
            oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("connectionStrings"as
                System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection;
 
            if (oSection != null)
            {
                if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) && (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
                {
                    if (protect)
                    {
                        if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            //  加密connectionStrings配置节.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            //  解密connectionStrings配置节.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if (blnChanged)
                {
                    //  如果connectionStrings配置节被更改,则强制保存它.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
                    //  保存对connectionStrings配置节的更改.
                    oConfiguration.Save();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        throw (ex);
    }
    finally
    {
    }
}
5.2  加密 appSettings 配置节
/// <summary>
/// 加密配置文件中的AppSettings配置节
/// </summary>
/// <param name="protect"> true 为加密,false为解密 </param>
public  static void AppSettingProtection(bool protect)
{
    // 取得当前程序的执行路径
    string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
    // Define the Dpapi provider name.
    string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
 
    System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
    System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection oSection = null;
 
    try
    {
        // Open the configuration file and retrieve the connectionStrings section.
        oConfiguration =
            System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);
 
        if (oConfiguration != null)
        {
            bool blnChanged = false;
            oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("appSettings"as
                System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection;
 
            if (oSection != null)
            {
                if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked)) &&
                     (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
                {
                    if (protect)
                    {
                        if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // Encrypt the section.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProvider);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
                        {
                            blnChanged = true;
                            // Remove encryption.
                            oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if (blnChanged)
                {
                    // Indicates whether the associated configuration section will be saved even   
                    // if it has not been modified.
                    oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
                    // Save the current configuration.
                    oConfiguration.Save();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        throw (ex);
    }
    finally
    {
    }
}