python框架Scrapy中crawlSpider的使用

一、创建Scrapy工程

1 #scrapy startproject 工程名
2 scrapy startproject demo3

 

二、进入工程目录，根据爬虫模板生成爬虫文件

1 #scrapy genspider -l # 查看可用模板
2 #scrapy genspider -t 模板名 爬虫文件名 允许的域名
3 scrapy genspider -t crawl test sohu.com

 

三、设置IP池或用户代理（middlewares.py文件）

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 # 导入随机模块
 3 import random
 4 # 导入有关IP池有关的模块
 5 from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy import HttpProxyMiddleware
 6 # 导入有关用户代理有关的模块
 7 from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
 8 
 9 # IP池
10 class HTTPPROXY(HttpProxyMiddleware):
11     # 初始化 注意一定是 ip=''
12     def __init__(self, ip=''):
13         self.ip = ip
14 
15     def process_request(self, request, spider):
16         item = random.choice(IPPOOL)
17         try:
18             print("当前的IP是："+item["ipaddr"])
19             request.meta["proxy"] = "http://"+item["ipaddr"]
20         except Exception as e:
21             print(e)
22             pass
23 
24 
25 # 设置IP池
26 IPPOOL = [
27     {"ipaddr": "182.117.102.10:8118"},
28     {"ipaddr": "121.31.102.215:8123"},
29     {"ipaddr": "1222.94.128.49:8118"}
30 ]
31 
32 
33 # 用户代理
34 class USERAGENT(UserAgentMiddleware):
35     #初始化 注意一定是 user_agent=''
36     def __init__(self, user_agent=''):
37         self.user_agent = user_agent
38 
39     def process_request(self, request, spider):
40         item = random.choice(UPPOOL)
41         try:
42             print("当前的User-Agent是："+item)
43             request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', item)
44         except Exception as e:
45             print(e)
46             pass
47 
48 
49 # 设置用户代理池
50 UPPOOL = [
51     "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.79 Safari/537.36 Edge/14.14393"
52 ]

 

四、settngs.py配置

 1 #========================================
 2 
 3 # 设置IP池和用户代理
 4 
 5 # 禁止本地Cookie
 6 COOKIES_ENABLED = False
 7 
 8 # 下载中间件配置指向（注意这里的工程名字是"demo3",指向DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
 9     # 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':123,
10     # 'demo3.middlewares.HTTPPROXY' : 125,
11     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 2,
12     'demo3.middlewares.USERAGENT': 1
13 }
14 
15 # 管道指向配置（注意这里的工程名字是"demo3",指向ITEM_PIPELINES = {
16     'demo3.pipelines.Demo3Pipeline': 300,
17 }
18 
19 #============================================

 

五、定义爬取关注的数据（items.py文件）

1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2 import scrapy
3 # Define here the models for your scraped items
4 #
5 # See documentation in:
6 # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
7 class Demo3Item(scrapy.Item):    
8     name = scrapy.Field()
9     link = scrapy.Field()

 

六、爬虫文件编写（test.py）

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import scrapy
 3 from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
 4 from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
 5 from demo3.items import Demo3Item
 6 
 7 class TestSpider(CrawlSpider):
 8     name = 'test'
 9     allowed_domains = ['sohu.com']
10     start_urls = ['http://www.sohu.com/']
11 
12     rules = (
13         Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=('http://news.sohu.com'), allow_domains=('sohu.com')), callback='parse_item', follow=False),
14         #Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=('.*?/n.*?shtml'),allow_domains=('sohu.com')), callback='parse_item', follow=False),
15     )
16 
17     def parse_item(self, response):
18         i = Demo3Item()
19         i['name'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="news"]/h1/a/text()').extract()
20         i['link'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="news"]/h1/a/@href').extract()
21         return i

 

七、管道文件编写（pipelines.py）

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import codecs
 3 import json
 4 # Define your item pipelines here
 5 #
 6 # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
 7 # See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
 8 class Demo3Pipeline(object):
 9     def __init__(self):
10         self.file = codecs.open("E:/workspace/PyCharm/codeSpace/books/python_web_crawler_book/chapter17/demo3/1.json", "wb", encoding='utf-8')
11 
12     def process_item(self, item, spider):
13         for j in range(0, len(item["name"])):
14             name = item["name"][j]
15             link = item["link"][j]
16             datas = {"name": name, "link": link}
17             i = json.dumps(dict(datas), ensure_ascii=False)
18             line = i + '\n'
19             self.file.write(line)
20         return item
21     def close_spider(self, spider):
22         self.file.close()

 

八、测试（scrapy crawl test ）之后，生成了1.json文件

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaomingzaixian/p/7125905.html