Netty ByteBuf详解

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    本文主要介绍Netty5  ByteBuf原理及具体使用。

    基本结构：与NIO ByteBuffer类似，使用ByteBuffer往往需要在读写之间通过flip切换。ByteBuf里维护两个index,一个readerIndex,一个writerIndex;readerIndex writerIndex capactiy  的三者的关系是：

    0 <=readerIndex <=writerIndex <= capacity

     当往byteBuf写入一个byte时，writerIndex++,从bytebuf读一个byte时，readerIndex++;

         

      +-------------------+------------------+------------------+
      | discardable bytes |  readable bytes  |  writable bytes  |
      |                   |     (CONTENT)    |                  |
      +-------------------+------------------+------------------+
      |                   |                  |                  |
      0      <=      readerIndex   <=   writerIndex    <=    capacity

基本操作：

    通过index随机读：

            ByteBuf byteBuf= Unpooled.buffer();
            byteBuf.writeBytes("hello world".getBytes());
            System.out.println((char)byteBuf.getByte(0));
            System.out.println((char)byteBuf.getByte(1));

 支持顺序读：满足readeableBytes>0 (writerIndex - readerIndex )

           ByteBuf byteBuf= Unpooled.buffer();
           byteBuf.writeBytes("hello world".getBytes());
           while(byteBuf.readableBytes()>0){
                System.out.println((char)byteBuf.readByte());
           }

 写操作：

        支持单个byte写入，或者直接写入byte数组；可以通过writeIndex设定writerIndex,但是如果

        writerIndex < readerIndex || writerIndex > capacity() 会抛出IndexOutOfBoundsException；

         ByteBuf byteBuf= Unpooled.buffer(50);
         while(byteBuf.writableBytes()>10){
             byteBuf.writeByte('a');
             byteBuf.writerIndex(byteBuf.writerIndex()+10);
         }
         System.out.println("writerIndex:"+byteBuf.writerIndex());
         System.out.println("readerIndex:"+byteBuf.readerIndex());
         System.out.println("index of 0 is:"+(char)byteBuf.getByte(0));
         System.out.println("index of 11 is:"+(char)byteBuf.getByte(11));
         System.out.println("index of 22 is:"+(char)byteBuf.getByte(22));
         System.out.println("index of 33 is:"+(char)byteBuf.getByte(33));
         System.out.println("index of 40 is:"+(char)byteBuf.getByte(40));
         System.out.println(new String(byteBuf.array()));

    discardReadBytes操作：

        把bytebuf中读过的byte抛弃掉，writerIndex置为writerIndex-readerIndex,readerIndex置为0；

ByteBuf byteBuf= Unpooled.buffer();
byteBuf.writeBytes("hello world".getBytes());
System.out.println("readerIndex:" + byteBuf.readerIndex());
System.out.println("writerIndex:" + byteBuf.writerIndex());
System.out.println((char)byteBuf.readByte());
System.out.println(new String(byteBuf.array()));
 byteBuf.discardReadBytes();
System.out.println("readerIndex:" + byteBuf.readerIndex());
System.out.println("writerIndex:" + byteBuf.writerIndex());
System.out.println(new String(byteBuf.array()));

    clear mark reset 操作：

        clear把bytebuf 的writerIndex=readerindex=0;

        mark把当前的writerIndex或者readerIndex mark一下，记录到私有变量中

        reset把当前的writerIndex或者readerIndex恢复到mark的index;

 ByteBuf byteBuf= Unpooled.buffer();
 byteBuf.writeBytes("hello world".getBytes());
 System.out.println(new String(byteBuf.array()));
 System.out.println("readerIndex:" + byteBuf.readerIndex());
 System.out.println("writerIndex:" + byteBuf.writerIndex());
   byteBuf.clear();
  System.out.println("after clear");
  System.out.println("readerIndex:" + byteBuf.readerIndex());
  System.out.println("writerIndex:" + byteBuf.writerIndex());
  System.out.println(new String(byteBuf.array()));
  byteBuf.writerIndex(11);
 
   byteBuf.readByte();
   //在index 为1时mark ，reset之后重新回到mark的地方        
   byteBuf.markReaderIndex();
   byteBuf.readByte();
   byteBuf.readByte();
   byteBuf.resetReaderIndex();
   System.out.println("readerIndex:" + byteBuf.readerIndex());

    Netty中分配ByteBuf有两种方式，一个是Pooled 池化的，一个是Unpooled 非池化的。

Unpooled类封装了UnpooledByteBufAllocator，用来初始化ByteBuf 包含Heap类型和Direct类型的。

PooledByteBufAllocator用来分配池化的ByteBuf,重复利用ByteBuf数组，减少分配回收开销。

同时Buffer模块还提供方便的工具类ByteBufUtil来操作ByteBuf。

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转发标注来源：http://my.oschina.net/robinyao/blog/407469

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/robinyao/blog/407469