Flutter Widget自定义总结-CSDN博客

在Flutter实际开发中，大家可能会遇到flutter框架中提供的widget达不到我们想要的效果，这时就需要我们去自定义widget，从Flutter构建、布局、绘制三部曲中我们了解到，实际的测量、布局、绘制操作都在RenderObject中，我们是可以进行继承相关的RenderObject来实现自定义的。但是其实flutter框架在设计之初就给我们预留出了自定义的入口，方便我们进行自定义。

CustomPaint自定义绘制

例：圆形进度条

思路：使用CustomPaint绘制需要的效果

class CircleProgress extends StatelessWidget {
  final Size size;
  final double progress;

  CircleProgress({@required this.size, @required this.progress});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return CustomPaint(
      size: size,
      painter: CircleProgressPainter(endDegree: progress * 360),//在Painter中写真正的绘画逻辑
    );
  }
}

class CircleProgressPainter extends CustomPainter {
  ...省略

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
   ...绘制的具体逻辑，size是画布的大小
  }
}
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CustomSingleChildLayout对单一child进行布局

例：实现对child约束成正方形

思路：使用CustomSingleChildLayout对child进行布局，并约束为正方形

class RectLayout extends StatelessWidget {
  final Widget child;

  RectLayout({@required this.child});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return CustomSingleChildLayout(
      delegate: RectLayoutDelegate(),//进行布局的代理
      child: child,
    );
  }
}

class RectLayoutDelegate extends SingleChildLayoutDelegate {
  //确定layout的size，constraints是parent传过来的约束
  @override
  Size getSize(BoxConstraints constraints) => super.getSize(constraints);

  ///是否需要relayout
  @override
  bool shouldRelayout(SingleChildLayoutDelegate oldDelegate) => false;

  ///确定child的位置，返回一个相对于parent的偏移值，size是layout的大小，由getsize确定，childSize由getConstraintsForChild得出的Constraints对child进行约束，得到child自身的size
  @override
  Offset getPositionForChild(Size size, Size childSize) {
    double dx = (size.width - childSize.width) / 2;
    double dy = (size.height - childSize.height) / 2;
    return Offset(dx, dy);
  }

  ///确定child的约束，用于确定child的大小
  @override
  BoxConstraints getConstraintsForChild(BoxConstraints constraints) {//
    double maxEdge = min(constraints.maxWidth, constraints.maxHeight);
    return BoxConstraints(maxWidth: maxEdge, maxHeight: maxEdge);
  }
}
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CustomSingleChildLayout对多个child进行布局

例：实现网格布局

思路：使用CustomSingleChildLayout对child进行布局、定位，使其成为网格的布局

class GridLayout extends StatelessWidget {
  final List<Widget> children;
  final double horizontalSpace;
  final double verticalSpace;

  GridLayout(
      {@required this.children,
      @required this.horizontalSpace,
      @required this.verticalSpace});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    List<Widget> layoutChildren = new List();
    for (int index = 0; index < children.length; index++) {
      layoutChildren.add(LayoutId(id: index, child: children[index]));
    }
    return CustomMultiChildLayout(
      delegate: GridLayoutDelegate(//真正的布局实现
        horizontalSpace: horizontalSpace,
        verticalSpace: verticalSpace,
      ),
      children: layoutChildren,
    );
  }
}

class GridLayoutDelegate extends MultiChildLayoutDelegate {
  final double horizontalSpace;
  final double verticalSpace;
  List<Size> _itemSizes = List();

  GridLayoutDelegate(
      {@required this.horizontalSpace, @required this.verticalSpace});

  @override
  void performLayout(Size size) {
	//对每个child进行逐一布局
    int index = 0;
    double width = (size.width - horizontalSpace) / 2;
    var itemConstraints = BoxConstraints(
        minWidth: width, maxWidth: width, maxHeight: size.height);
    while (hasChild(index)) {
      _itemSizes.add(layoutChild(index, itemConstraints));
      index++;
    }
	//对每一个child逐一进行定位
    index = 0;
    double dx = 0;
    double dy = 0;
    while (hasChild(index)) {
      positionChild(index, Offset(dx, dy));
      dx = index % 2 == 0 ? width + horizontalSpace : 0;
      if (index % 2 == 1) {
        double maxHeight =
            max(_itemSizes[index].height, _itemSizes[index - 1].height);
        dy += maxHeight + verticalSpace;
      }
      index++;
    }
  }

  @override
  bool shouldRelayout(MultiChildLayoutDelegate oldDelegate) {
    return oldDelegate != this;
  }

  //确定layout的size，constraints是parent传过来的约束
  @override
  Size getSize(BoxConstraints constraints) => super.getSize(constraints);
}
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组合自定义

一般情况，组合自定义应该是我们最经常用的方式，通过继承自StatelessWidget或StatefulWidget,把多个Widget组合起来，从而达到我们需要的效果。

例：下拉刷新，上拉加载

实现一：通过自带的RefreshIndictor和ScrollController组合实现

思路：通过对滚动进行监听来触发加载更多

_scrollController.addListener(() {
  var maxScroll = _scrollController.position.maxScrollExtent;
  if (_scrollController.offset >= maxScroll) {
    if (widget.loadMoreStatus != LoadMoreStatus.noData) {
      widget.onLoadMore();
    }
  }
});
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实现二：通过NotificationListener监听scroll的整体状态，让后结合平移、动画来实现

思路：通过监听用户overscroll的距离来平移内容区域，从而达到下拉刷新，上拉加载的效果

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  double topHeight =
      _pullDirection == PullDirection.DOWN ? _overScrollOffset.dy.abs() : 0;
  double bottomHeight =
      _pullDirection == PullDirection.UP ? _overScrollOffset.dy.abs() : 0;
  return Stack(
    children: <Widget>[
      widget.headerBuilder.buildTip(_state, topHeight),
      Align(
        alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter,
        child: widget.footerBuilder.buildTip(_state, bottomHeight),
      ),
      Transform.translate(
        offset: _overScrollOffset,
        child: NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(
          onNotification: handleScrollNotification,
          child: DecoratedBox(
            decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.grey[100]),
            child: ListView.builder(
              itemBuilder: buildItem,
              itemCount: 30,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      )
    ],
  );
}
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例：上下左右滑动的layout

实现：通过GestureDetector监听手势滑动，然后通过平移来达到效果

思路：主要处理滑动边界，以及开关的零界点

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  //debugPrint('_slideOffset:${_slideOffset.toString()}');
  return GestureDetector(
    onPanUpdate: handlePanUpdate,
    onPanEnd: handlePanEnd,
    child: Stack(
      children: <Widget>[
        widget.background,
        Transform.translate(
          child: widget.foreground,
          offset: _slideOffset,
        ),
      ],
    ),
  );
}
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以上的完整代码在这flutter知识点整理