首先，BGP本身是不支持负载均衡，但是在建立对等体会话时却变相利用IGP负载均衡来达到效果
一个路由器只能配置一个实例【也就是一个自治系统】只能配置一个BGP，BGP以单播来来传播更新
命令 neighbor 目的ip /对等体组 邻居所在自治系统号【如果相同，在同一范围，是IBGP，如果是不同自治系统号，则是EBGP】
BGP的基本操作 router bgp AS【自治系统号】
neigh ip shudown 为防止路由抖动 若未指定源地址，则以自身逃出接口为源地址进行对接，且满足交叉相同原则，此原则放之四海皆用，自身的源和对端的目的IP必须保持一致才能建立TCP,建立BGP对等体会话，用自身的换回口，【满足逻辑接口，永远不会down掉
，R1R0之间建一个串口和一个以太口就可以了
实验的基本配置及现象
BGP不能满足负载均衡，
neighbor ip update-source lo 0[源地址为lo 0]
router bgp as
neighbor ip remote-as num
neighbor ip update-source lo 0
router eigrp num
network ip [反演码]
若不设置更新源时，观禅实验现象
基本实验配置
Router(config)#ho r1
r1(config)#
r1(config)#no ip do lo
r1(config)#lin con 0
r1(config-line)#logg s
r1(config-line)#exec-t 0 0
r1(config-line)#
r1(config-line)#end
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#int lo 0
r1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
r1(config-if)#int s1/0
r1(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no sh
r1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:02:45.855: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:02:46.855: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r2(config)#int lo 0
r2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
r2(config-if)#int s1/0
r2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#no shu
r2(config-if)#do
*Mar 1 00:03:48.451: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:03:49.451: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
r2(config-if)#do ping 12.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
....!
Success rate is 20 percent (1/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/44/44 ms
r2(config-if)#do ping 12.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/43/76 ms
此时R2R1之间相互ping通，我们就可以起ospf 协议了
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#router ospf 1
r1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
r1(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#int lo 0
r1(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-point
r2(config)#router ospf 1
r2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
r2(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0
*Mar 1 00:08:13.799: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
r2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
r2(config-router)#int lo 0
r2(config-if)#int lo 0
r2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
此时在R1上r1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:48, Serial1/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
r1#ping 2.2.2.2 source lo 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
!!!!! ping通，我们就可以起BGP
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/19/4
r1(config)#router bgp 12
r1(config-router)#bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
r1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 12
r2(config)#router bgp 12
r2(config-router)#bgp router-id 2.2.2.2
r2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 12
此时R1show ip route
r1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:51, Serial1/0
12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
发现R1去往R2的12.1.1.2 会以自身s1/0为逃出接口
r1#show ip int bri
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/0 12.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
会发现s1/0的IP正好是12.1.1.1
也可以通过debug ip packet 发现源和目的
r1#debug ip packet
IP packet debugging is on
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:24.271: IP:
s=12.1.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Serial1/0), len 80, sending broad/multicast
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:27.979: IP: s=12.1.1.2 (Serial1/0), d=224.0.0.5, len 80, rcvd 0
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:34.271: IP: s=12.1.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Serial1/0), len 80, sending broad/multicast
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:37.971: IP: s=12.1.1.2 (Serial1/0), d=224.0.0.5, len 80, rcvd 0
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:44.271: IP: s=12.1.1.1 (local), d=224.0.0.5 (Serial1/0), len 80, sending broad/multicast
r1#
*Mar 1 00:20:47.979: IP: s=12.1.1.2 (Serial1/0), d=224.0.0.5, len 80, rcvd 0
r1#
*
Mar 1 00:20:51.291: IP: tableid=0, s=12.1.1.1 (local), d=2.2.2.2 (Serial1/0), routed via FIB
*Mar 1 00:20:51.359: IP: tableid=0, s=2.2.2.2 (Serial1/0), d=12.1.1.1 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:20:51.359: IP: s=2.2.2.2 (Serial1/0), d=12.1.1.1 (Serial1/0), len 40, rcvd 3
r1#debug ip bgp
BGP debugging is on for address family: BGP IPv4
r1#
r1#
r1#
r1#clear ip bgp * soft
r1#
r1#
r1#
*Mar 1 00:24:01.015: BGPNSF state: 2.2.2.2 went from nsf_not_active to nsf_not_active
*Mar 1 00:24:01.015: BGP: 2.2.2.2 went from Active to Idle
*Mar 1 00:24:01.015: BGP: 2.2.2.2 went from Idle to Active
*Mar 1 00:24:01.019: BGP: 2.2.2.2 open active, delay 8039ms
r1#
*Mar 1 00:24:09.059: BGP: 2.2.2.2 open active, local address 12.1.1.1 在建立BGP连接时是以自身12.1.1.1为源的
*Mar 1 00:24:09.111: BGP: 2.2.2.2 open failed: Connection refused by remote host
r1#unde all
All possible debugging has been turned off
r1#show ip bgp nei 2.2.2.2
BGP neighbor is 2.2.2.2, remote AS 12, internal link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 0.0.0.0
BGP state = Active
Last read 00:03:31, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Message statistics:
InQ depth is 0
OutQ depth is 0
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 0 0
Notifications: 0 0
Updates: 0 0
Keepalives: 0 0
Route Refresh: 0 0
Total: 0 0
Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 5 seconds
For address family: BGP IPv4
BGP table version 1, neighbor version 0/0
Output queue size : 0
Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2
1 update-group member
Sent Rcvd
Prefix activity: ---- ----
Prefixes Current: 0 0
Prefixes Total: 0 0
Implicit Withdraw: 0 0
Explicit Withdraw: 0 0
Used as bestpath: n/a 0
Used as multipath: n/a 0
Outbound Inbound
Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- -------
Total: 0 0
Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0
Connections established 0; dropped 0
Last reset never
No active TCP connection 此时R1R2之间TCP根本就没连接起来，为什么？？
因为刚才反复强调要满足交叉相同原则，即一个目的IP是对端的源IP，而R1的源12.1.1.1 目的2.2.2.2
而R2的源是12.1.1.2 目的是1.1.1.1 四个IP皆不同，如何建立TCP，所以 我们要将R1R2的源目的改成满足
交叉相同即用自身环回口作为源 R1的源1.1.1.1 目的2.2.2.2 R2的源2.2.2.2 目的1.1.1.1
r1(config)#router bgp 12
r1(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source lo 0
r2(config)#router bgp 12
r2(config-router)#neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source lo 0
此时通过LO 0来建立TCP对等体会话，，而且使用的是IGP负载均衡
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#no shu
r1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:45:49.795: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:45:50.795: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
r1(config-if)#do show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 1.1.1.1, local AS number 12
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 7 7 0 0 0 00:04:26
此时的BGP已连接起来
此时将以太口换回口全部建立OSPF中
r1(config)#router ospf 1
r1(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
r1(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r1(config-router)#end
r1#
*Mar 1 00:49:42.571: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r1(config)#int e0/0
r1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 64 将以太链路的开销值改为与串口开销值相同
r2(config)#router ospf 1
r2(config-router)#net 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r2(config-router)#net 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
r2(config-router)#
r2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
r2(config-router)#
r2(config-router)#end
r2(config)#int e0/0
r2(config-if)#ip ospf cost 64
此时r1#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:34
10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39
12.1.1.2 Serial1/0 发现R1有2条路径到达2.2.2.2在
建立BGP是变相使用IGP
r2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:39 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0
1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 12.1.1.1 Serial1/0
实验完成，在建立IBGP对等体时多用环回口【默认直连】，在EBGP时也可用换回口，修改TTL
值，否则BGP一直卡在idle状态,OPEN包不可达
设置EBGP多跳的概念
添加R3后的基本配置
r2#show ip int bri
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 10.1.1.2 YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial1/0 12.1.1.2 YES NVRAM up up
Serial1/1 23.1.1.2 YES NVRAM up up
Serial1/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES NVRAM up up
r3#show ip int bri
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial1/0 23.1.1.3 YES NVRAM up up
Serial1/1 unassigned YES NVRAM up down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down
Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES NVRAM up up
r3(config)#router bgp 3
r3(config-router)#bgp router-id 3.3.3.3
r3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 12
r3(config-router)#neighbor 2.2.2.2 up lo 0
r3(config-router)#end
Mar 1 00:44:51.751: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r3#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:35 23.1.1.2 Serial1/0
r3#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 3
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 0 0 0 0 0 never
Idle 处于IDLE状态
,最多10秒.BGP最多用1分钟也会起来『30+20+10』，一直没起来是卡在3层IP寻址有问题，设置TTL值
使之比原先要大一些即可
r3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
r3(config)#router bgp 3
r3(config-router)#nei 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop
r3(config-router)#end
r2(config)#router bgp 12
r2(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.3
ebgp-multihop
r2(config-router)#end
r2#sh
*Mar 1 00:52:05.403: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r2#show ip bgp
r2#
r2#
r2#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 2.2.2.2, local AS number 12
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 12 54 54 0 0 0 00:51:44 0
3.3.3.3 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 never
Active
r2#
r2#
*Mar 1 00:52:36.335: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 3.3.3.3 Up
r3(config)#router bgp 3
r3(config-router)#nei 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop
r3(config-router)#end
r3#
*Mar 1 00:50:33.995: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
r3#
r3#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 3
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 0 0 0 0 0 never Active
r3#
r3#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 3
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 0 0 0 0 0 never
Active
r3#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 3
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 4 4 0 0 0 00:01:27 0
r3#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 3.3.3.3, local AS number 3
BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
2.2.2.2 4 12 4 4 0 0 0 00:01:30 0 ----已经起来了
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/3345751/648987
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