WCF REST-CSDN博客

今天我们就具体来看WCF REST 风格的使用以及传统WCF的调用。首先先来看WCF REST风格，关于Rest网上有很多解释，在此我就不说了。直接进入正题，先贴图。

我解释一下，这里有五个项目，一个是WCF Model，这里面定义了数据传输对象，以及服务对象。第一个要说的就是WCF Rest With No Config and SVC file。也就是一个Rest风格的WCF，既没有什么配置(Endpoint)，也没有SVC 文件。我们看看代码，先看DTO\，代码如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace WCF.Model
{
[DataContract]
public class Person
{
[DataMember]
public string Name { get; set; }
[DataMember]
public int Age { get; set; }
[DataMember]
public string Description { get; set; }
[DataMember]
public string sex { get; set; }
}
}

这个DTO不用多说，我们看看Service服务，

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace WCF.Model
{
[ServiceContract]
public interface IPersonService
{
[OperationContract]
[WebGet(UriTemplate = "Get", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
List<Person> GetPersonList();
[OperationContract]
[WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "Delete/{name}",
BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Wrapped,
ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json,
Method = "POST")]
Operation RemovePerson(string name);
}
}

这里需要解释的是UriTemplate，在这里我们把WCF Model这个类库引入到了WCFRestfulMvcDemo项目中。所以如果要访问GetPersonList这个方法的话，那么URI应该是http://localhost:1328/Person/Get，为什么是这个呢，在这里我要提到Globle中的一个配置，看看代码

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.Add(new ServiceRoute("Person", new WebServiceHostFactory(), typeof(PersonService)));
routes.MapRoute(
"Default", // Route name
"{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new { controller = "^(?!Person).*" }
);
}

因为在这里我们配置了Rest Service的RoutePrefix为Person，所以完整路径就是上面所说的。routes.Add(new ServiceRoute("Person", new WebServiceHostFactory(), typeof(PersonService)));通过这段代码我们就可以将Rest Service像注册MVC路由一样对WCF服务进行注册。我们再看看实现

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
namespace WCF.Model
{
[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
public class PersonService : IPersonService
{
List<Person> personList;
public PersonService()
{
personList = new List<Person>()
{
new Person(){ Name="lilei", Age=26, sex="男", Description="专注于C#,狂热的C#爱好者"},
new Person(){ Name="Snow",Age=29,sex="男",Description="专注于SQLServer,未来的DBA"},
new Person(){ Name="Strong",Age=30,sex="男",Description="专注于Silverlight"},
new Person(){ Name="Scry",Age=28,sex="男",Description="专注于测试"},
new Person(){ Name="lilei1", Age=26, sex="男", Description="专注于C#,狂热的C#爱好者"},
new Person(){ Name="Snow1",Age=29,sex="男",Description="专注于SQLServer,未来的DBA"},
new Person(){ Name="Strong1",Age=30,sex="男",Description="专注于Silverlight"},
new Person(){ Name="Scry1",Age=28,sex="男",Description="专注于测试"}
};
}
public List<Person> GetPersonList()
{
return personList;
}
public Operation RemovePerson(string name)
{
Person person = personList.SingleOrDefault(p => p.Name == "snow1");
if (person != null)
{
personList.Remove(person);
return new Operation() { Success = 1, Msg = "删除成功!" };
}
else
{
return new Operation() { Success = 0, Msg = "删除失败!" };
}
}
}
}

在这里我们需要将AspNetCompatibilityRequirements设置为Allowed，同时在WebConfig中加入如下节点

<system.serviceModel>
<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>
<standardEndpoints>
<webHttpEndpoint>
<standardEndpoint name="" helpEnabled="true" automaticFormatSelectionEnabled="true"/>
</webHttpEndpoint>
</standardEndpoints>
</system.serviceModel>

OK，这样就可以在MVC控制器进行Rest 风格的WCF调用。我们看看后台控制器

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
namespace WCFRestfulMvcDemo.Controllers
{
using Utility;
using WCF.Model;
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
{
Uri uri = new Uri("http://localhost:1328/Person/Get");
WebRequest webRequest = HttpWebRequest.Create(uri);
WebResponse response = webRequest.GetResponse();
Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
List<Person> personList = SerializeHelper.JsonDeserialize<List<Person>>(stream);
//异步调用
//WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
//webClient.OpenReadAsync(uri);
//webClient.OpenReadCompleted += delegate(object sender, OpenReadCompletedEventArgs e)
//{
// stream = e.Result;
// personList = SerializeHelper.JsonDeserialize<List<Person>>(stream);
//};
return View("~/Views/Home/Person.cshtml", personList);
}
}
}

为了不忽悠大家，防止大家怀疑没有EndPoint配置也没有SVC文件居然可以调用服务，我把运行效果图和前台代码给出来。

@model IEnumerable<WCF.Model.Person>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Person</title>
<style type="text/css">
.mytable
{
background-color: transparent;
position: relative;
text-align: left;
padding-left: 10px;
color: #222222;
font-family: Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
width: 96%;
border-collapse: collapse; /* 关键属性：合并表格内外边框(其实表格边框有2px，外面1px，里面还有1px哦) */
border: solid #999; /* 设置边框属性；样式(solid=实线)、颜色(#999=灰) */
border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; /* 设置边框状粗细：上右下左 = 对应：1px 0 0 1px */
}
.mytable th
{
background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #EEEEEE;
font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode" , "Lucida Grande" ,Sans-Serif;
height: 23px;
border: solid #999;
border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
padding: 2px;
}
.mytable tr td
{
height: 23px;
border: solid #999;
border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
padding: 2px;
background-color: #FFF;
}
.mytable tr:hover td
{
border: 1px solid #999999;
background: #EEEEEE;
font-weight: normal;
color: #212121;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div align="center">
<table class="mytable">
<tr>
<th>
<center>
姓名</center>
</th>
<th>
<center>
性别</center>
</th>
<th>
<center>
年龄</center>
</th>
<th>
<center>
描述</center>
</th>
</tr>
@foreach (WCF.Model.Person person in Model)
{
<tr>
<td>
@person.Name
</td>
<td>
@person.sex
</td>
<td>
@person.Age
</td>
<td>
@person.Description
</td>
</tr>
}
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

运行效果图

如果您还不信，请看http://geekswithblogs.net/michelotti/archive/2010/08/21/restful-wcf-services-with-no-svc-file-and-no-config.aspx，一个国外的MVP写的。

接下来我们看看传统的WCF，也就是有SVC也有Config。为了复用，我们在项目WCFService.Host上引用WCFModel程序集并在该项目下新建一个PersonService.svc，注意，只建一个svc文件，在该文件上点击右键，选择用XML格式打开，我们修改其内部代码如下

<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="WCF.Model.PersonService" CodeBehind="WCF.Model.PersonService" %>

我们将其Service指定到引用的WCFModel程序集的PersonService类上。这个时候我们首先以最传统的方式也就是借助VS2010来引用服务。如下所示

因为WCFService.Host程序集的端口号是1010，所以引用的服务地址就是上面看到的。引用完以后我们在WCFRestfulWebFromsDemo项目中测试。因为自动生成了代理，我们直接看代码和运行效果

namespace WCFRestfulWebFromsDemo
{
using PersonServiceReference;
public partial class PersonInfo : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
PersonServiceClient serviceClient = new PersonServiceClient();
List<Person> personList = serviceClient.GetPersonList();
Gridview1.DataSource = personList;
Gridview1.DataBind();
}
}
}
}

还有一种比较酷的调用方式，我们来看看。

首先我们在IPersonService中加入一个操作[OperationContract] string GetPersons();然后实现方法返回一个Json格式对象。

public string GetPersons()
{
return SerializeHelper.JsonSerialize<List<Person>>(personList);
}

这个时候我们在WCFRestfulWebFromsDemo页面中调用，代码如下

namespace WCFRestfulWebFromsDemo
{
using Utility;
using WCFRestfulWebFromsDemo.Model;
public partial class PersonInfo1 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
ContractDescription con = ContractDescription.GetContract(typeof(IPersonService));
ServiceEndpoint serviceEndPoint = new ServiceEndpoint(con, new BasicHttpBinding(), new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:1010/PersonService.svc"));
using (ChannelFactory<IPersonService> ChannelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IPersonService>(serviceEndPoint))
{
IPersonService personService = ChannelFactory.CreateChannel();
string personJson = personService.GetPersons();
List<Person> personList = SerializeHelper.JsonDeserialize<List<Person>>(personJson);
this.Gridview1.DataSource = personList;
this.Gridview1.DataBind();
}
}
}
}
}