MySQL：主从切换  

这篇 blog 介绍手工主从切换过程。

 
一 环境信息
主库  192.168.2.37/3306     主机名 db1
备库  192.168.2.38/3306     主机名 db2
版本  5.6.20
备注： 主从节点 mysql 安装略，Replication 安装略。


二 主从切换
--主，备节点都要创建 Replication 用户

 
  
create user 'rep1'@'192.168.2.%' identified by 'rep1abcd1243d';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep1'@'192.168.2.%';
 
  

--查询从库状态
 
  
root@localhost:francs>show slave status\G
 
  

--查询主库状态
 
  
 
  
root@localhost:francs>show slave hosts;
+-----------+-------------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
| Server_id | Host              | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID                           |
+-----------+-------------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
|         2 | 192.168.2.38(db2) | 3306 |         1 | ad397a06-7c56-11e4-b2fb-000c29dcb3b5 |
+-----------+-------------------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  

--从库: 停止 IO_THREAD 线程
 
  
 
  
root@localhost:francs>stop slave IO_THREAD;

root@localhost:francs>show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: 
                  Master_Host: 192.168.2.37
                  Master_User: rep1
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: bin-log.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 362
               Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 523
        Relay_Master_Log_File: bin-log.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: No
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 362
              Relay_Log_Space: 694
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 0c130d47-22bb-11e4-aaaa-000c2986ac80
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  

--激活从库(从库上操作)
 
  
 
  
root@localhost:francs>stop slave;
root@localhost:francs>reset master;
root@localhost:francs>reset slave all;

root@localhost:francs>show binary logs;
+----------------+-----------+
| Log_name       | File_size |
+----------------+-----------+
| bin-log.000001 |       120 |
+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  
备注：reset slave all 命令会删除从库的 replication 参数，之后 show slave status\G 的信息返回为空。

--将原来主库变为从库
 
  
 
  
  CHANGE MASTER TO
   MASTER_HOST='192.168.2.38',
   MASTER_PORT=3306,
   MASTER_USER='rep1',
   MASTER_PASSWORD='rep1abcd1243d',
   MASTER_LOG_FILE='bin-log.000001',
   MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
   
root@localhost:francs>start slave;
root@localhost:francs>  show slave status\G
 
  
备注：这步执行之后，发现 db1 日志文件报了以下错误，提示 db1 连接不上 db2。

--db1 日志报错
 
  
2015-03-02 14:24:14 26198 [ERROR] Slave I/O: error connecting to master 'rep1@192.168.2.38:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 8, Error_code: 1045
 
  

--解决过程
 
  
 
  
--连接测试
[mysql@db1 ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.2.38 -P 3306 -urep1 
备注：居然不需要密码能直接能连上。

--测试匿名用户
[mysql@db1 ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.2.38 -P 3306 -urep2 
备注：依然不需要密码。

--原因分析
root@localhost:francs>select Host,User,Password from mysql.user where User='';
+-----------+------+----------+
| Host      | User | Password |
+-----------+------+----------+
| localhost |      |          |
| db1       |      |          |
+-----------+------+----------+
备注: 原来 db2 节点上存在 User 为空的的两行，表示匿名用户可以连接数据库， 删除这两行，之后  flush privileges;

--再连接测试
[mysql@db1 ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.2.38 -P 3306 -urep1 
备注：这次连接需要密码了。之后再次观看 db1 同步日志，不再报错。
 
  


三 数据验证
             主从切换后db2 为主节点， db1 为备节点，在 db2 节点上插入一条数据测试同步是否正常。
    
--db2 上执行
 
  
 
  
root@localhost:francs>insert into test_sr(id) values(30);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

root@localhost:francs>select * from test_sr order by id desc limit 1;
+------+---------------------+
| id   | create_time         |
+------+---------------------+
|   30 | 2015-03-02 15:19:53 |
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  

--db1 上验证
 
  
 
  
root@localhost:francs>select * from test_sr order by id desc limit 1;
+------+---------------------+
| id   | create_time         |
+------+---------------------+
|   30 | 2015-03-02 15:19:53 |
+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  
备注：数据同步正常，以上是对 MySQL 主备切换的初次了解，后续再补充。