使用 编译器常量 代替 预处理常量 详解

 

本文地址: http://blog.csdn.net/caroline_wendy/article/details/15809051

对于预处理的单纯常量, 可以使用const类型进行代替;

在面向对象编程中, 类内的常量, 可以使用静态const成员代替,

注意类内(in-class), 静态const成员只允许使用整型常量进行赋值, 如果是其他类型, 是在类内声明, 类外定义的方式;

也可以使用"enum hack", 提供const的作用, 并且给内置(built-in)数组声明;

预处理的函数调用存在很多问题, 可以使用模板内联(template inline)代替, 也可以获得很高的效率;

具体参见代码, 及注释;

代码(/*eclipse cdt ; gcc 4.7.1*/):

/*   * effectivecpp.cpp   *   *  Created on: 2013.11.13   *      Author: Caroline   */    /*eclipse cdt ; gcc 4.7.1*/    #include <iostream>  #include <string>  #include <array>    #include <algorithm>    using namespace std;    #define ASPECT_RATIO 1.653 //长宽比    #define CALL_WITH_MAX(a, b) f((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))    class GamePlayer {  public:  	static const int NumTurns = 5;  	static const double PI ; //不能内类初始化非整型  	enum {eNumTurns = 5}; //枚举类型  	std::array<int, NumTurns> scores;  	std::array<int, eNumTurns> escores;  };  const double GamePlayer::PI = 3.14;    template<typename T>  void f (T a) {  	std::cout << "f : " << a ;  }    template<typename T>  inline void callWithMax(const T& a, const T& b)  {  	f(a>b ? a : b);  }    int main (void) {    	//预处理器定义  	std::cout << "ASPECT_RATIO = " << ASPECT_RATIO << std::endl;    	//常量定义  	const double AspectRatio = 1.653;  	std::cout << "AspectRatio = " << AspectRatio << std::endl;    	//常量指针  	const char* const authorName = "Caroline";  	std::cout << "authorName = " << authorName << std::endl;    	//常量指针  	const std::string sAuthorName("Caroline");  	std::cout << "sAuthorName = " << sAuthorName << std::endl;    	//class专属常量  	GamePlayer gp;  	std::array<int, GamePlayer::NumTurns> scores = { {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} };  	gp.scores = scores;  	std::cout << "gp.scores : ";  	for(const auto s : gp.scores)  		std::cout << s << " ";  	std::cout << std::endl;  	std::cout << "GamePlayer::PI = " << GamePlayer::PI << std::endl;    	//测试宏  	int a = 5, b = 0;  	CALL_WITH_MAX(++a, b); //a, ++两次  	std::cout << " ; a = " << a <<std::endl;  	a = 5, b = 0;  	CALL_WITH_MAX(++a, b+10); //a, ++一次  	std::cout << " ; a = " <<  a <<std::endl;    	//template inline  	a = 5, b = 0;  	callWithMax(++a, b);  	std::cout << " ; a = " << a <<std::endl;    	return 0;    }

 

输出:

ASPECT_RATIO = 1.653  AspectRatio = 1.653  authorName = Caroline  sAuthorName = Caroline  gp.scores : 1 2 3 4 5   GamePlayer::PI = 3.14  f : 7 ; a = 7  f : 10 ; a = 6  f : 6 ; a = 6