MySQL安装的三种方式

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-26 11:46:52 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/cishi/p/7304892.html

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MySQL安装

Mysql安装方式有三种:

rpm包安装
二进制安装
mysql编译安装

环境说明

时间: 2017年8月6号
系统: CentOS-6.9-x86_64 最小化安装
Mysql版本: 5.7.19
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RPM安装

下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载方式
安装
2. 上传至服务器任意位置
  [root@mysql ~]# ls -lh
  
  total 181M
  
  -rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Jul 15 18:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
  
  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.7K Jul 15 18:29 install.log
  
  -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.3K Jul 15 18:29 install.log.syslog
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root  23M Aug  6 18:40 mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root 329K Aug  6 18:40 mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root 2.1M Aug  6 18:40 mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root 1.7M Aug  6 18:40 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root 153M Aug  6 18:40 mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
  
  -rw-r--r--  1 root root 2.1M Aug  6 18:40 postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
3. yum 安装，会自动安装关联包
  [root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-
  
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  
  Setting up Install Process
  
  Examining mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64
  
  Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed
  
  ...
  
  ...
  
  ...
  
  Installed:
  
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6                  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6             mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6
  
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6             mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el6
  
  Dependency Installed:
  
  numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6
  
  Replaced:
  
  mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8
  
  Complete!
配置
2. 查看配置文件路径
  [root@mysql ~]# rpm -qc mysql-community-server-5.7.19
  
  /etc/logrotate.d/mysql
  
  /etc/my.cnf
3. 启动mysql
  [root@mysql ~]# service mysqld start
  
  Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
  
  Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
4. 根据配置文件找到mysql的错误日志路径
  [root@mysql mysql]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
  
  2017-08-06T10:50:48.543649Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5U2tMJBw8d-m
5. 使用密码连接
  [root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
  
  Enter password:
  
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  
  Your MySQL connection id is 7
  
  Server version: 5.7.19
  
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
  owners.
  
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
  mysql>
rpm安装完毕

二进制安装

下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载方式
安装
2. 上传包至服务器任意路径
 [root@mysql ~]# ls -lh
 
 total 611M
 
 -rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Jul 15 18:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
 
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.7K Jul 15 18:29 install.log
 
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.3K Jul 15 18:29 install.log.syslog
 
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 611M Aug 6 19:36 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3. 安装
 1. 解压到指定/opt目录，软连接
 
 [root@mysql ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/
 
 [root@mysql ~]# cd /opt/
 
 [root@mysql opt]# ls -lh
 
 total 4.0K
 
 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K Aug 6 19:38 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
 
 [root@mysql opt]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
 
 mysql' -> mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64'
 
 [root@mysql opt]# cd mysql
 
 2. 新建mysql用户，并对/opt/mysql目录赋权
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -u 3306 mysql
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# id mysql
 
 uid=3306(mysql) gid=3306(mysql) groups=3306(mysql)
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysql
 
 3.编辑配置文件，这个版本并没有提供默认的配置文件
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# vim my.cnf
 
 [mysqld]
 
 datadir = /opt/mysql/data
 
 port = 3306
 
 socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
 skip_name_resolve
 
 4. 启动脚本
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# cp -av support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
 support-files/mysql.server' -> /etc/init.d/mysqld'
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
 basedir=/opt/mysql
 
 datadir=\({basedir}/data</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">5. 初始化MySQL数据库</div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data</div><div class="line">/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory</div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# yum provides libnuma.so.1    # 搜索该库是由哪个包提供</div><div class="line">Loaded plugins: fastestmirror</div><div class="line">Determining fastest mirrors</div><div class="line">* base: mirrors.aliyun.com</div><div class="line">* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com</div><div class="line">* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com</div><div class="line">base                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.7 kB     00:00     </div><div class="line">extras                                                                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB     00:00     </div><div class="line">updates                                                                                                                                                               | 3.4 kB     00:00     </div><div class="line">updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                    | 2.5 MB     00:02     </div><div class="line">numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.i686 : Library for tuning for Non Uniform Memory Access machines</div><div class="line">Repo        : base</div><div class="line">Matched from:</div><div class="line">Other       : libnuma.so.1</div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# yum -y install numactl</div><div class="line">Loaded plugins: fastestmirror</div><div class="line">Setting up Install Process</div><div class="line">Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile</div><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">Installed:</div><div class="line">numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6                                                                                                                                                               </div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">Complete!</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:23.699674Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:25.059615Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:25.446617Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:25.511614Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1e543114-7aa5-11e7-9a69-000c29d408d3.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:25.515037Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T12:45:25.516517Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">6. 添加环境变量及MAN配置文件</div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# mysql</div><div class="line">-bash: mysql: command not found</div><div class="line">[root@mysql mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:\)PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config
 
 7. 启动并连接mysql
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# service mysqld start
 
 Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# mysql
 
 ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -S /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock
 
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
 
 Your MySQL connection id is 4
 
 Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 
 owners.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 mysql>
 
 8. 添加至开机启动，并输出MySQL文件头，输出mysql的库文件给系统查找路径
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
 
 /usr/include/mysql' -> /opt/mysql/include'
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
 
 [root@mysql mysql]# ldconfig
二进制安装完毕

编译安装

下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载方式
安装(CPU越多越好，1核无法编译成功)
2. 准备依赖环境
 [root@1 ~]# yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel gcc-c++
 
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
 
 Setting up Install Process
 
 Determining fastest mirrors
 
 base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 
 extras: mirrors.btte.net
 
 updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
 
 base | 3.7 kB 00:00
 
 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
 
 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
 
 updates/primary_db | 2.5 MB 00:02
 
 Resolving Dependencies
 
 --> Running transaction check
 
 ---> Package cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 will be installed
 
 --> Processing Dependency: libarchive.so.2()(64bit) for package: cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.x86_64
 
 ...
 
 ...
 
 ...
 
 Installed:
 
 cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.7-4.20090207.el6
 
 Dependency Installed:
 
 cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2
 
 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-696.6.3.el6 libarchive.x86_64 0:2.8.3-7.el6_8 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6
 
 ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6
 
 Dependency Updated:
 
 glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.209.el6_9.2
 
 Complete!
3. 上传源码包至linux随意路径
 [root@1 ~]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.19.tar.gz
 
 [root@1 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.19/
4. 开始编译
 [root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql 
 
 > -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data 
 
 > -DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql/ 
 
 > -DWITH_BOOST=boost 
 
 > -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
 
 > -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
 
 > -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
 
 > -DWITH_READLINE=1 
 
 > -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/mysqld.sock 
 
 > -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 
 
 > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
 
 > -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
 
 > -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 
 
 > -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
 
 > -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
 
 > -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
 
 -- Running cmake version 2.8.12.2
 
 -- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
 
 -- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
 
 -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
 
 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.4.7
 
 -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
 
 ...
 
 ...
 
 ...
 
 -- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
 
 -- Configuring done
 
 -- Generating done
 
 CMake Warning:
 
 Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:
 
 WITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE
 
 WITH_READLINE
 
 -- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.19
 
 [root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# echo \(?    # 输出状态码可以判断上述命令是否执行成功，为0就成功，其他状态码都是失败</div><div class="line">0</div><div class="line">[root@1 mysql-5.7.19]# make -j 2 && make install    # -j 2  指定用2核CPU编译</div><div class="line">Scanning dependencies of target INFO_BIN</div><div class="line">Scanning dependencies of target INFO_SRC</div><div class="line">[  0%] Built target INFO_SRC</div><div class="line">[  0%] Built target INFO_BIN</div><div class="line">Scanning dependencies of target abi_check</div><div class="line">Scanning dependencies of target zlib</div><div class="line">[  0%] Building C object zlib/CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/adl</div><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">等待编译</div><div class="line">...</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/./mysql-test-run</div><div class="line">-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mtr</div><div class="line">-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/mysql-test-run</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process</div><div class="line">-- Up-to-date: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/my_safe_process</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/Base.pm</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/magic</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4</div><div class="line">-- Installing: /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server</div></pre> </li> <li>安装后的后续操作 <pre class="editor-colors lang-shell"><div class="line">1. 添加mysql用户及将修改相应文件夹属主属组</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# useradd -u 3306 -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# mkdir -pv /opt/mysql/data && chown mysql.mysql -R /opt/mysql</div><div class="line">mkdir: created directory `/opt/mysql/data'</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">2. 准备my.cnf配置文件及mysql启动脚本，由于5.7.19并没有提供默认的配置文件，只能自己写了</div><div class="line">vim /opt/mysql/my.cnf</div><div class="line">[mysqld]</div><div class="line">datadir = /opt/mysql/data</div><div class="line">port = 3306</div><div class="line">socket = /opt/mysql/mysqld.sock</div><div class="line">skip_name_resolve</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">3. 执行初始化命令, 5.7集成在mysql命令中</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:01.666326Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:03.364801Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:03.525083Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:03.697839Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f85cf1a8-7ac8-11e7-8e48-000c29d408d3.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:03.701251Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:03.713104Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479148Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479171Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479178Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479188Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479192Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479198Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479219Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line">2017-08-06T17:02:05.479226Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">4. 添加man手册及添加环境变量</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# sed -i '43a \MANPATH /opt/mysql/man' /etc/man.config</div><div class="line">[root@1 support-files]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:\)PATH ' > /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh && . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
 
 5. 添加至开机启动项
 
 [root@1 support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on
 
 6. 输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
 
 [root@1 support-files]# ln -sv /opt/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
 
 /usr/include/mysql' -> /opt/mysql/include'
 
 7. 输出mysql的库文件给系统查找路径
 
 [root@1 support-files]# echo '/opt/mysql/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
 
 [root@1 support-files]# ldconfig
 
 8. 启动并连接mysql
 
 [root@1 support-files]# service mysqld start
 
 Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
 
 [root@1 support-files]# mysql
 
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
 
 Your MySQL connection id is 3
 
 Server version: 5.7.19 Source distribution
 
 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 
 owners.
 
 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
 mysql>
 
 9. mysql5.7密码表
 
 select Host,User,authentication_string from mysql.user;

本文完

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cishi/p/7304892.html

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MySQL安装的三种方式

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