测试编号：STP-1

测试目的：测试STP的选举过程

测试环境：


 

测试过程：

1、搭建一个环形的网络拓扑；

2、给VLAN1配置优先级

测试方法1、

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 65535

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

SW3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

测试方法1的结果:

SW1#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        43 (FastEthernet1/2)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.41

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.42

F1/1 为阻塞端口  F1/2为根端口

SW2#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    4096

             Address     c201.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/0      128.41   128    19 FWD    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.41

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

F1/0 为指定端口  F1/1为根端口

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

F1/1为指定端口  F1/2为指定端口

测试预期效果：SW3为根网桥，SW2为备份根网桥，阻塞端口为SW1的F1/2

测试结果：SW3为根网桥，SW2为备份根网桥，阻塞端口为SW1的F1/2

测试方法2、

R1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

R2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

R3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 65535

 

 

测试方法2的结果：

SW1#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

 

SW2#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        41 (FastEthernet1/0)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    4096

             Address     c201.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/0      128.41   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

测试预期效果：SW1为根网桥，SW2为备份根网桥，阻塞端口为SW3的F1/2

测试结果：SW1为根网桥，SW2为备份根网桥，阻塞端口为SW3的F1/2

测试结果分析：

在选举根网桥，备份根网桥时，越小越优先

测试示例：

 

 

 

测试目的：STP的状态转换

测试环境：如上图

测试过程：

1、搭建一个环形的网络拓扑；

2、给VLAN1配置优先级

测试方法：

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

SW3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

3、查看结果;

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

BLK 阻塞状态：接收BPDU但不转发BPDU，不接收数据也不转发数据，不学习MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 LIS    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

LIS 监听状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，不接收数据也不转发数据，不学习MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 LRN    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

LRN 学习状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，接收数据但不转发数据，学习MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

FWD 转发状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，接收数据也转发数据，学习MAC地址

 

测试预期效果：STP的状态变化：BLK－>LIS－>LRN－>FWD

测试结果：STP的状态变化：BLK－>LIS－>LRN－>FWD

          STP的状态时间：    20S   15S    15S

测试结果分析：

STP有四个状态：阻塞状态、监听状态、学习状态、转发状态

阻塞状态：接收BPDU但不转发BPDU，不接收数据也不转发数据，不学习MAC地址

监听状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，不接收数据也不转发数据，不学习MAC地址

学习状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，接收数据但不转发数据，学习MAC地址

转发状态：接收BPDU也转发BPDU，接收数据也转发数据，学习MAC地址