1、讲解Map的基本使用
主要知识点:
- map 的定义 :make(map[string]int)
- 获取元素:m[key]
- key不存在时,获得value类型的初始值
- 使用 value, ok := m[key] 来判断key 是否存在
- 使用 delete 删除一个 key
- 使用range遍历key,或者 key、value 对
- 遍历时不保证key 的顺序,如需排序,需要手工对key排序
- 使用len 获取元素的个数
- 除了 Slice,map、function 其他的内建类型都可以作为key
以下为代码示例:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
//定义map 并赋值
m := map[string]string{
"name": "ccmouse",
"course": "golang",
"site": "imooc",
"quality": "notbad",
}
//定义空map 1
m2 := make(map[string]int) // m2 == empty map
//定义空map 2
var m3 map[string]int // m3 == nil
fmt.Println("m, m2, m3:")
fmt.Println(m, m2, m3)
//map[course:golang site:imooc quality:notbad name:ccmouse] map[] map[]
fmt.Println("遍历 Map,Map的Key在输出时是无序的")
for k, v := range m {
fmt.Println(k, v)
//quality notbad
//name ccmouse
//course golang
//site imooc
}
fmt.Println("获取指定key的value")
courseName := m["course"]
fmt.Println(`m["course"] =`, courseName) //m["course"] = golang
//试图读取map 中不存在的 key
if causeName, ok := m["cause"]; ok {
fmt.Println(causeName)
} else {
fmt.Println("key 'cause' does not exist")
}
fmt.Println("删除指定key的键值对")
name, ok := m["name"]
fmt.Printf("m[%q] before delete: %q, %v\n",
"name", name, ok)
//m["name"] before delete: "ccmouse", true
delete(m, "name")
name, ok = m["name"]
fmt.Printf("m[%q] after delete: %q, %v\n",
"name", name, ok)
//m["name"] after delete: "", false
}
2、实例:寻找最长不含有重复字符的字符串
例如:abcdcab ,这个字符串 最长不含有重复字符的字符串 为:abcd ,长度为 4
bbbb,为b,长度为 1
pwwkew,为 wke,长度为 3
实现逻辑:
循环中对于每一个字母 x
- lastOccurred[x] 不存在时,或者 小于 start,则无需操作
- lastOccurred[x] >= start,则更新 start
- 更新 lastOccurred[x],更新 maxLength
代码实现逻辑如下:
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr(s string) int {
lastOccurred := make(map[rune]int)
start := 0
maxLength := 0
for i, ch := range []rune(s) {
if lastI, ok := lastOccurred[ch]; ok && lastI >= start {
start = lastI + 1
}
if i-start+1 > maxLength {
maxLength = i - start + 1
}
lastOccurred[ch] = i
}
return maxLength
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("abcabcbb")) //3
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("bbbbb")) //1
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("pwwkew")) //3
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("")) //0
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("b")) //1
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("abcdef")) //6
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr("一二三二一")) //3
fmt.Println(
lengthOfNonRepeatingSubStr(
"黑化肥挥发发灰会花飞灰化肥挥发发黑会飞花")) //8
}