ElasticSearch笔记系列（9）——子条件查询（上）Query context

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-07 21:46:40 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-10-07 21:46:40 发布
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文章标签： 大数据 java 人工智能
原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/happyBKs/blog/1799387
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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> hot3.png

上一篇对查询按照简单查询、条件查询、聚合查询进行了分类，并逐一介绍了基本用法。

本文对条件查询再进行分类，介绍子条件查询和复合条件查询。

 

条件查询分类

子条件查询：特定字段查询 所指特定值。

复合条件查询：以一定的逻辑 组合 子条件查询。

 

子条件查询

子条件查询又分为：Query context 和 Filter Context。

在查询过程中，除了判断文档是否满足查询条件外，ES还为计算一个_score来标识匹配的程度，旨在判断目标文档和查询条件匹配的有多好。

Query context

Query context 常用的查询包括：

全文本查询：针对文本类型的数据

字段级别的查询：针对结构化的数据，比如数字、日期等

 

概念树状图

说了这么多概念，画个树吧：

204735_rZHB_1156339.png

 

全文本查询

全文本查询 包括：模糊匹配、习语匹配、多个字段的匹配查询、语法的查询。

下面，我们在上一篇文章录入的的索引和文档的基础上继续进行查询。具体的索引结构和文档数据请翻看上一篇文章。

我们创建了一个rent索引，一个community类型，以及对应的18个文档。

152425_tvwy_1156339.png

示例数据是之前写的文章里的，这里不在累述，我把索引定义给出：

{
"state": "open",
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1523632189666",
"number_of_shards": "3",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "lUrZ_KHtQcuG33MFNivX-A",
"version": {
"created": "5060899"
},
"provided_name": "rent"
}
},
"mappings": {
"community": {
"properties": {
"creationdate": {
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis",
"type": "date"
},
"city": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"communityname": {
"type": "text"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
"shop": { }
},
"aliases": [ ],
"primary_terms": {
"0": 2,
"1": 2,
"2": 2
},
"in_sync_allocations": {
"0": [
"0RFsy8yXT6WM25oL8n5gew"
,
"QfWzYOCWQYy_QISycd-PNg"
],
"1": [
"MBaaq2YfQRmrR1hZx6qqhQ"
,
"iIxY5sN8Q3m6CR4Q5TxzXw"
],
"2": [
"vEbuzvxzTW2y_mokZWQSig"
,
"VhIOetKsSDqeOnG3HisH_w"
]
}
}

(本文出自oschina博主happybks的博文：https://my.oschina.net/happyBKs/blog/1799387)

模糊匹配

模糊匹配，使用match关键词，对文本类型字段进行匹配时，会按照条件值中的各个字或者说分词进行匹配。

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"communityname":"中海万锦城(二期)"
		}
	}
}

结果除了包含中海万锦城(二期)、包括其他communityname字段包含“中”“海”“万”等字的文档。

因为这是模糊匹配，完全一样的、包含中海的、包含一个万字文档，匹配的程度不同，_score的分数也不同。返回结果按照匹配度，即_score分数由高到低（但是_score大于0，若等于0表示完全不匹配就不会被模糊查询到）排列。

查询结果

{
    "took": 253,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 11,
        "max_score": 10.104993,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
                "_score": 10.104993,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海万锦城(二期)",
                    "city": "上海闸北不夜城",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGbCzoILHeA4gRvWL",
                "_score": 3.335333,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海悦府",
                    "city": "上海松江泗泾",
                    "age": 4,
                    "creationdate": "2014-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
                "_score": 2.0010364,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
                    "city": "上海普陀长征",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
                "_score": 1.6676666,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "象屿鼎城",
                    "city": "上海浦东川沙",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZDcK7oILHeA4gRvWB",
                "_score": 1.2871116,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科蓝山",
                    "city": "上海浦东曹路",
                    "age": 14,
                    "creationdate": "2004-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZCaoSoILHeA4gRvV-",
                "_score": 0.91251767,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科朗润园",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 12,
                    "creationdate": "2006-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZEXNioILHeA4gRvWD",
                "_score": 0.7981695,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科白马花园",
                    "city": "上海莘闵别墅区",
                    "age": 15,
                    "creationdate": "2003-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZC1HYoILHeA4gRvV_",
                "_score": 0.7981695,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科优诗美地",
                    "city": "上海闵行七宝",
                    "age": 19,
                    "creationdate": "1999-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLY7wnkoILHeA4gRvV8",
                "_score": 0.36413702,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科阳光苑",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 10,
                    "creationdate": "2008-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
                "_score": 0.36413702,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科清林径",
                    "city": "上海浦东新区新场镇",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

习语匹配

如果你希望将查询条件中的值作为一个固定的习语进行匹配，而不是根据匹配程度进行模糊匹配，可以使用习语匹配。关键词是match_phrase

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"match_phrase":{
			"communityname":"中海万锦城(二期)"
		}
	}
}

查询结果：

此时查询结果我们发现只一条了。

{
    "took": 568,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 10.104993,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
                "_score": 10.104993,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海万锦城(二期)",
                    "city": "上海闸北不夜城",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

 

多个字段的匹配查询

多个字段的模糊匹配查询 需要用到关键词multi_match，然后里面套query和fields关键词，指明查询条件文本和需要匹配哪些字段。

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"multi_match":{
			"query":"山江",
			"fields":["communityname","city"]
		}
	}
}

查询结果：

可以看到小区名称或者地址信息中包含“山”或“江”的小区文档都被模糊匹配查询到了。

{
    "took": 17,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 1.7792181,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
                "_score": 1.7792181,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺境(宝山)",
                    "city": "上海宝山区",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLDhHMpoILHeA4gRvV7",
                "_score": 1.7792181,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "世茂滨江花园",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 9,
                    "creationdate": "2009-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZDcK7oILHeA4gRvWB",
                "_score": 1.2871116,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科蓝山",
                    "city": "上海浦东曹路",
                    "age": 14,
                    "creationdate": "2004-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZFA5EoILHeA4gRvWF",
                "_score": 1.0751344,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺境(松江)",
                    "city": "上海松江区",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

 

语法查询

所谓语法查询，就是根据一定的语法规则进行的查询。经常在Kibana中用，是做数据搜索用的，支持通配符、范围查询、布尔查询、正则表达式等。语法十分丰富。关键词query_string。

逻辑与AND

有多个条件可以用逻辑与，关键词AND

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"query_string":{
			"query":"万科 AND 大道"
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 386,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 2.9101574,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
                "_score": 2.9101574,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科公园大道",
                    "city": "上海老闵行",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

逻辑或OR

如果是逻辑或，关键词OR。并且，语法条件可以组合。

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"query_string":{
			"query":"(万科 AND 大道) OR 象屿"
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 324,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 4.0250216,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
                "_score": 4.0250216,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "象屿鼎城",
                    "city": "上海浦东川沙",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
                "_score": 2.9101574,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科公园大道",
                    "city": "上海老闵行",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

多个字段的语法匹配

这个和多字段模糊匹配时的关键词一样，需要用到fields关键词，然后在列表里把所涉及的字段名称给出。

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"query_string":{
			"query":"公园 OR 闵行",
			"fields":["communityname","city"]
		}
	}
}

查询结果：

{
    "took": 53,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 2.1502688,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
                "_score": 2.1502688,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科公园大道",
                    "city": "上海老闵行",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZCaoSoILHeA4gRvV-",
                "_score": 1.1690899,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科朗润园",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 12,
                    "creationdate": "2006-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZEXNioILHeA4gRvWD",
                "_score": 1.0225905,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科白马花园",
                    "city": "上海莘闵别墅区",
                    "age": 15,
                    "creationdate": "2003-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLDhHMpoILHeA4gRvV7",
                "_score": 1.0225905,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "世茂滨江花园",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 9,
                    "creationdate": "2009-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

 

字段级别的查询

字段级别的查询，或者说结构化查询，在query下的关键词需要用term。

特定值查询

比如查询房龄为10年的小区：

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"term":{
			"age":10
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 197,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLY7wnkoILHeA4gRvV8",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科阳光苑",
                    "city": "上海",
                    "age": 10,
                    "creationdate": "2008-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZF4FAoILHeA4gRvWI",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "保利西子湾",
                    "city": "上海松江大学城",
                    "age": 10,
                    "creationdate": "2008-01-01"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

这时，我们尝试像之前模糊匹配的示例那样在字段级别查询里查询“万科”

注意：关键词是字段级别查询的关键词term。

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"term":{
			"communityname":"万科"
		}
	}
}

结果，发现查询结果的数量是0。而之前用match做全文本查询时，查询“万科”，会得到一大推communityname的值中包含“万”或“科”字的文档。

{
    "took": 14,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 0,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    }
}

那我们在尝试一下输入完整的字段值。如果我们将term中条件communityname字段的值设置为一个完全存在的值，例如：万科公园大道

{
	"query":{
		"term":{
			"communityname": "万科公园大道"
		}
	}
}

结果发现，依然没有返回结果。因为commmunityname字段是text文本类型。不适用于字段级别的查询。

如果我们换成city字段，就没有问题：

{
	"query":{
		"term":{
			"city": "上海老闵行"
		}
	}
}

结果，返回了对应的结果，因为city字段是keyword类型：

{
    "took": 10,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.2039728,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
                "_score": 1.2039728,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科公园大道",
                    "city": "上海老闵行",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

范围查询

字段级别的查询，还可以查询特定字段一定范围值内的文档有哪些。这种涉及字段值范围的条件，需要用到关键词range。范围描述的关键词与mongo中的十分类似。

关键词含义数学符号
gt大于＞   (
gte大于等于≥    [
lt小于＜   )
lte小于等于≤   ]

我们来查一下，房龄在5到7年（含5年，不含7年）的小区有哪些：age的字段类型是integer

{
	"query":{
		"range":{
			"age": {
				"gte":5,
				"lt":7
			}
		}
	}
}

查询结果：

{
    "took": 11,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 6,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科清林径",
                    "city": "上海浦东新区新场镇",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海万锦城(二期)",
                    "city": "上海闸北不夜城",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺境(宝山)",
                    "city": "上海宝山区",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "象屿鼎城",
                    "city": "上海浦东川沙",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZFV2doILHeA4gRvWG",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺华年",
                    "city": "上海浦东航头",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
                    "city": "上海普陀长征",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

日期字段范围查询

字段级别的范围查询同时还支持日期类型：

（字段级别查询：“看吧，所有类型我都支持，我就不支持你文本text类型，谁让你和全文本类型打得火热”）

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"range":{
			"creationdate": {
				"gte":"2011-12-31",
				"lt":"2014-01-01"
			}
		}
	}
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 358,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 6,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZDK3-oILHeA4gRvWA",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科清林径",
                    "city": "上海浦东新区新场镇",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGp3aoILHeA4gRvWM",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海万锦城(二期)",
                    "city": "上海闸北不夜城",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZEy0foILHeA4gRvWE",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺境(宝山)",
                    "city": "上海宝山区",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHsN6oILHeA4gRvWO",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "象屿鼎城",
                    "city": "上海浦东川沙",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZFV2doILHeA4gRvWG",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺华年",
                    "city": "上海浦东航头",
                    "age": 5,
                    "creationdate": "2013-01-01"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZHR2loILHeA4gRvWN",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "中海紫御豪庭",
                    "city": "上海普陀长征",
                    "age": 6,
                    "creationdate": "2012-01-01"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

如果要表示现在，可以使用关键词now。

比如查询2015年至今的新小区：

POST http://localhost:9200/rent/community/_search

{
	"query":{
		"range":{
			"creationdate": {
				"gte":"2015-01-01",
				"lt":"now"
			}
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 80,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZD_9YoILHeA4gRvWC",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "万科公园大道",
                    "city": "上海老闵行",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZFA5EoILHeA4gRvWF",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "金地艺境(松江)",
                    "city": "上海松江区",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01 00:00:00"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "rent",
                "_type": "community",
                "_id": "AWLZGGD2oILHeA4gRvWJ",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "communityname": "保利艾庐",
                    "city": "上海浦东新区周浦镇",
                    "age": 3,
                    "creationdate": "2015-01-01"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

 

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/happyBKs/blog/1799387

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