实验：使用fdisk创建简单磁盘分区

实验要求：
/dev/sdb8  100M
/dev/sdb9  100M


[root@shaoping ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb  #查看当前磁盘分区情况

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe7a49488

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          65      522081   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2              66        2610    20442712+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5              66          79      112423+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6              80          93      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb7              94         107      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect


[root@shaoping ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m #显示所有可选项
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l  #这里选择l 表示要创建一个额外的逻辑分区
First cylinder (108-2610, default 108):
Using default value 108
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (108-2610, default 2610): +100M  #这里指定新分区的大小是100M

Command (m for help): w     #指定大小后，选w回车保存分区操作后退出
The partition table has been altered!


[root@shaoping ~]# partprobe #使用此命令更新分区表，如果出错，需要重启来成功更新分区表

[root@shaoping ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb  #再次查看硬盘分区情况就可以看到新分区/dev/sdb8,但是此时还不可以使用，因为还没有指定文件系统格式，和挂载

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe7a49488

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          65      522081   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2              66        2610    20442712+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5              66          79      112423+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6              80          93      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb7              94         107      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb8             108         121      112423+  83  Linux


重复以上步骤，再新建另一个分区/dev/sdb9

[root@shaoping ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe7a49488

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          65      522081   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2              66        2610    20442712+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5              66          79      112423+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6              80          93      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb7              94         107      112423+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb8             108         121      112423+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb9             122         135      112423+  83  Linux

此时，/dev/sdb8 /dev/sdb9还无法使用，因为还没有指定文件系统类型，和挂载

[root@shaoping ~]# mount /dev/sdb8 /mnt  #因为还没有指定文件系统格式， 所以挂载会失败，无法识别文件类型
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

为了使该分区可以使用，下面对其进行格式化

[root@shaoping ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb8  #用ext4格式格式化分区
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
28112 inodes, 112420 blocks
5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
14 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.


[root@shaoping ~]# mount /dev/sdb8 /mnt #mount 到/mnt目录下以供使用

如要使该分区可以在系统启动时自动挂载，可以修改/etc/fstab文件来实现