Check the difficulty of problems
Time Limit: 2000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
Total Submissions: 1790 | Accepted: 788 |
Description
Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following two terms:
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
Input
The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each test case contains three integers M (0 < M <= 30), T (1 < T <= 1000) and N (0 < N <= M). Each of the following T lines contains M floating-point numbers in the range of [0,1]. In these T lines, the j-th number in the i-th line is just Pij. A test case of M = T = N = 0 indicates the end of input, and should not be processed.
Output
For each test case, please output the answer in a separate line. The result should be rounded to three digits after the decimal point.
Sample Input
2 2 2 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 0 0 0
Sample Output
0.972
Source
POJ Monthly,鲁小石
DP还不是很熟练,参考了
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6635898a0100itre.html
题意:举办一次ACM竞赛,需要考虑两方面,一是每个队至少都能做出1道题目,二是冠军至少能做出n道题目。现在已知有m道题目,t支队伍,和n的值,以及每支队伍做出每道题目的概率pro[i][j],求出这次比赛能保证上面两方面都会达到的概率。
思路:很好的概率题,用DP做。首先把问题的解可以转化为:每队均至少做一题的概率P1,减去每队做题数均在1到n-1之间的概率P2。P1不难求,P2比较难点,一开始以为用深搜,但觉得肯定是超时了。所以P2得用DP去做,设dp[i][j]表示在前i道题中共解出j道题的概率,则状态方程为:
dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] * (1 - pro[k][i]);
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] * (1 - pro[k][i]) + dp[i-1][j-1] * pro[k][i]; (0 < j < n)
dp[i][i] = dp[i-1][i-1] * pro[k][i];
考虑了边界情况,初始化可以简单很多,运行效率也提高了一点。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
float p[1001][31];
float dp[31][31];
int main()
{
int m,t,n;
float p1, pn, pi;
while(cin>>m>>t>>n && (m+t+n))
{
memset(p,0,sizeof(p));
memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
for(int i=1; i<=t; i++)
{
for(int j=1; j<=m; j++)
{
cin>>p[i][j]; //the possibility of team i solve problem j;
}
}
//compute p1 >=1
p1=1;
for(int i=1; i<=t; i++)
{
pi=1;
for(int j=1; j<=m; j++)
{
pi*=(1-p[i][j]);
}
p1*=(1-pi);
}
//compute pn
pn=1;
for(int i=1; i<=t; i++)
{
dp[0][0]=1;
for(int j=1; j<=m; j++)
{
dp[j][0]=dp[j-1][0]*(1-p[i][j]);
for(int k=1; k<j; k++)
{
dp[j][k]=dp[j-1][k]*(1-p[i][j])+dp[j-1][k-1]*p[i][j];
}
dp[j][j]=dp[j-1][j-1]*p[i][j];
}
pi=0;
for(int j=1; j<n; j++)
{
pi+=dp[m][j];
}
pn*=pi;
}
printf("%.3f\n", p1 - pn);
}
return 0;
}