实验拓扑:
试验要求:R1R2运行RIPR3R2之间运行OSPF,要求在R2上配置路由重发布,使R1能够学习到R3的路由,同样R3能够学到R1上的路由。并且配置汇总路由。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

试验目的:掌握路由重发布的基本配置与在配置路由重发布之前应该注意的地方。

 

试验配置:

R1

R1(config)#int s1/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shu

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int loop0

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.224

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int loop1

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.33 255.255.255.224

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#int loop2

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.224

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.32

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.64

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#exit

 

R2

R2(config)#int s1/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R2(config-if)#no shu

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#int s1/1

R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.2.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

R2(config-if)#no shu

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#network 199.99.2.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R2(config-router)#end

 

R3

R3(config)#int s1/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 199.99.2.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shu

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#int loop0

R3(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit       

R3(config)#int loop1

R3(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#int loop2

R3(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#network 199.99.2.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 1

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 a 1

R3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 a 1

R3(config-router)#exit

好了,以上为基本的配置,下面我们在每台路由器上查看一下路由表:

R1#show ip route

 
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       192.168.1.64 is directly connected, Loopback2

C       192.168.1.32 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

 

R2#show ip route

 

     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets

O IA    172.16.1.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.3.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.2.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R       192.168.1.64 [120/1] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

R       192.168.1.32 [120/1] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

R       192.168.1.0 [120/1] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

 

R3#show ip route

 
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

 
可以看到 R1 上只显示了自己直连的路由, R2 上显示了通过 RIP OSPF 学到的所有路由, R3 上也只有自己直连的路由,下面在 R2 上配之路由重发布, 在配置之前需要注意的是在把其他路由协议重发布到 RIP,IGRP,EIGRP 的时候,是需要手动添加度量,否则度量为无穷,但是重发布直连和静态路由时,度量默认为 1 在把其他路由协议重发布到 OSPF 时,可以不用手动添加度量值,默认 OSPF 为重发布的路由分配的度量值为 20

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 100 metric 3

 
这样配置完成后就把 OSPF 100 的路由重发布到 RIP 路由协议中,并且定义度量值为 3 跳,然后在 R1 上查看路由表:

R1#show ip route

 

     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R       172.16.1.1 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

R       172.16.3.1 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

R       172.16.2.1 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

R    199.99.2.0/24 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       192.168.1.64 is directly connected, Loopback2

C       192.168.1.32 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

 
OK ,学到了到 R3 上的路由,然后我们在 R2 上配置,把 RIP 重发布到 OSPF 中:

R2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets

在重发布到 OSPF 中时,需要带 subnets 参数,然后我们在 R3 上查看路由表:

R3#show ip route  

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O E2 199.99.1.0/24 [110/20] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:09, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

O E2    192.168.1.64 [110/20] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:04, Serial1/0

O E2    192.168.1.32 [110/20] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0

O E2    192.168.1.0 [110/20] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0

好的,可以看到有 O E2 的路由了,表示 OSPF 自治系统外部路由,是从 RIP 重发布过来的。是类型 2 的外部路由,我们可以手动修改:

R2(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 40 metric-type 1 subnets

然后再到 R3 上查看路由表:

R3#show ip route 

 

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O E1 199.99.1.0/24 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

O E1    192.168.1.64 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0

O E1    192.168.1.32 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0

O E1    192.168.1.0 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:00, Serial1/0

类型变成 1 类外部路由,度量值也变大了。

下面我们开始路由汇总的配置,首先在 R1 上汇总 RIP 路由:

R1(config)#int s1/0

R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

然后在 R2 R3 上验证:

R2#show ip route  

 

     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets

O IA    172.16.1.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.3.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.2.1 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/1

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial1/0

 

R3#show ip route

 

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback2

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

O E1 199.99.1.0/24 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:48, Serial1/0

O E1 192.168.1.0/24 [110/104] via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:33, Serial1/0

现在从 RIP 学到的路由变成了一条汇总的路由,注意在汇总路由时应注意,子网掩码应该大于或者等于默认主网络掩码。然后我们在 R3 上做汇总:

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#area 1 rang 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

这里值得注意的问题:使用该命令时有 Summarize routes matching address/mask (border routers only) 也就是说只有边界路由器可以用 range 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

border router ( 边界路由器 )----- 通常在开放最短路径优先 (OSPF) 中定义为连接一个地区到骨干区的路由器,因此汇总的路由需是在非骨干区域的其他区域

 

然后我们在 R1 R2 上验证:

R2#show ip route  

O IA 172.16.0.0/16 [110/65] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/1

C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 199.99.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0

 

R1#show ip route  

 

R    172.16.0.0/16 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:07, Serial1/0

R    199.99.2.0/24 [120/3] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:07, Serial1/0

C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C       192.168.1.64 is directly connected, Loopback2

C       192.168.1.32 is directly connected, Loopback1

C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

现在从 OSPF 重发布的路由也变成了一条缺省路由。