实验需求:
1.两个协议间进行多点双向重发布
2.R7的环回没有宣告在OSPF协议中,而是后期重发布进入的
3.解决环路,所有路径选择最优,且存在备份
实验拓扑:
分析过程:
1.根据实验需求,可以按下图分配IP
2.R2学到了两条R3的环回,原因是他们网段不同所以路由器认为他们是两条不同的路由
解决方案:需要修改R3环回的工作方式,在AR3上的环回接口将网络接口类型改为broadcast
3.因为rip中R7环回的优先级为100,ospf中R7环回的优先级为150,R3丢弃了从ospf学到的R7的环回,R3再将R7的环回传递给R4,这时出现环路
解决方案:使用路由策略,修改R1给R3R7环回的路由的优先级,使R3学ospf中的R7环回
4.R1上到34网段和R3环回是负载均衡,属于选路不佳,R4同理
解决方案:使用路由策略,修改优先级和路由类型使选路最佳,并且保留备份
实验配置:
配置IP
R1:
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.1 24
R2:
[r2]int LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
[r2-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24
R3:
[r3]int LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 13.1.1.2 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
R4:
[r4]int LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
R5:
[r5]int LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24
R6:
[r6]int LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24
[r6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24
R7:
[r7]int LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24
[r7-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24
配置协议
R1:
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]ver 2
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
R2:
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]ver 2
[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]q
[r2]ospf 1 rou
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R3:
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]ver 2
[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r3-rip-1]q
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R4:
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R5:
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R6:
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 56.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
R7:
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
重发布
R7:
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct
R2:
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r2-rip-1]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip
R3:
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r3-rip-1]q
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip
修改R3环回工作方式
[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
解决R7 环回重发布产生的环路
将rip的学到的R7环回优先级改为151
R2:
[r2]ip ip-prefix a permit 7.7.7.0 24
[r2]route-policy quhuan permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a
[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r2-ospf-1]preference route-policy quhuan
R3:
[r3]ip ip-prefix a permit 7.7.7.0 24
[r3]route-policy quhuan permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a
[r3-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy quhuan
查看R1路由表,R3环回、24网段和34网段为负载均衡,选路不佳
将给R1的rip增加度量
R2:
[r2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 3.3.3.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix qq permit 34.1.1.0 24
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix qq 2
R3:
[r3]ip ip-prefix qq permit 24.1.1.0 24
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix qq 2
R4同R1相似
将R2环回、12网段和13网段改为类型1
[r2]ip ip-prefix ww permit 12.1.1.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix ww permit 2.2.2.0 24
[r2]route-policy fuzai permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix ww
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]route-policy fuzai permit node 20
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 route-policy fuzai
R3:
[r3]ip ip-prefix aa permit 13.1.1.0 24
[r3]route-policy fuzai permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]route-policy fuzai permit node 20
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 route-policy fuzai
检查路由表,负载均衡已消除
R1:
R4: