jquery的ready方法（DOM是否加载完）详解与使用

jquery的ready方法（准备DOM触发）还是比较复杂的，我们先看流程图：

 

首先调用jq的raady方法，我们通过源码可以看到，方法内部调用了jQuery.ready.promise()方法。

jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {

    ........................

    ready: function( fn ) {
        // Add the callback
        jQuery.ready.promise().done( fn );

        return this;
    },

    .....................
};

 

我们再来看promise干了些什么：

jQuery.ready.promise = function( obj ) {
    if ( !readyList ) {
        
        readyList = jQuery.Deferred();

        // Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the browser event has already occurred.
        // we once tried to use readyState "interactive" here, but it caused issues like the one
        // discovered by ChrisS here: http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12282#comment:15
        if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
            // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
            setTimeout( jQuery.ready, 1 );

        // Standards-based browsers support DOMContentLoaded
        } else if ( document.addEventListener ) {
            // Use the handy event callback
            document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );

            // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
            window.addEventListener( "load", jQuery.ready, false );

        // If IE event model is used
        } else {
            // Ensure firing before onload, maybe late but safe also for iframes
            document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );

            // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
            window.attachEvent( "onload", jQuery.ready );

            // If IE and not a frame
            // continually check to see if the document is ready
            var top = false;

            try {
                top = window.frameElement == null && document.documentElement;
            } catch(e) {}

            if ( top && top.doScroll ) {
                (function doScrollCheck() {
                    if ( !jQuery.isReady ) {

                        try {
                            // Use the trick by Diego Perini
                            // http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
                            top.doScroll("left");
                        } catch(e) {
                            return setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 50 );
                        }

                        // and execute any waiting functions
                        jQuery.ready();
                    }
                })();
            }
        }
    }
    return readyList.promise( obj );
};

先判断readyList有没有，没有的话给readyList赋值延迟对象，最后返回readyList.promise，很明显promise函数只会执行一次。
给readyList赋值完后判断document.readyState是否为complete，如果dom节点已加载完成，则调用jQuery.ready方法，否则注册事件DOMContentLoaded与load，用来监听dom的加载进度。
当浏览器有缓存时会先触发load，为了保证第一之间最快的加载dom所以把2个事件都注册上了。
我们来看下事件回调DOMContentLoaded做了些什么

var 
    ...................

    // The deferred used on DOM ready
    readyList,

    // The ready event handler and self cleanup method
    DOMContentLoaded = function() {
        if ( document.addEventListener ) {
            document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", DOMContentLoaded, false );
            jQuery.ready();
        } else if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
            // we're here because readyState === "complete" in oldIE
            // which is good enough for us to call the dom ready!
            document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", DOMContentLoaded );
            jQuery.ready();
        }
    },

    ..................

DOMContentLoaded回调很简单，先移除事件，在调用jQuery.ready()方法。所以说最终都是调用它。我们来看一下源码：

jQuery.extend({

    .......................

    // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
    isReady: false,

    // A counter to track how many items to wait for before
    // the ready event fires. See #6781
    readyWait: 1,

    // Hold (or release) the ready event
    holdReady: function( hold ) {
        if ( hold ) {
            jQuery.readyWait++;
        } else {
            jQuery.ready( true );
        }
    },
    // Handle when the DOM is ready
    ready: function( wait ) {

        // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
        if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) {
            return;
        }

        // Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
        if ( !document.body ) {
            return setTimeout( jQuery.ready, 1 );
        }

        // Remember that the DOM is ready
        jQuery.isReady = true;

        // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
        if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) {
            return;
        }

        // If there are functions bound, to execute
        readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );

        // Trigger any bound ready events
        if ( jQuery.fn.trigger ) {
            jQuery( document ).trigger("ready").off("ready");
        }
    },

    ...................
});

 ready方法先做了一些判断，这些都是与holdReady有关，那么holdReady是干嘛的，isReady和readyWait又是干嘛的，请看下面的例子：

 

$.getScript('a.js',function(){

});
$(function(){
    alert(2);
});

a.js

alert(1);

 

因为getScript是异步的，所以代码执行顺序为先弹出alert(2) 再弹出alert(1)

那么要怎么样同步呢，这时就需要用到holdReady了

$.holdReady(true); //先hold住，推迟执行
$.getScript('a.js',function(){
    $.holdReady(false); //当a.js加载完释放hold
});
$(function(){
    alert(2);
});

现在代码的执行顺序为先alert(1)再alert(2)，由此可见，holdReady方法就是起一个推迟释放作用。回头再看ready方法就好理解了。我们再看最后2句代码：

// If there are functions bound, to execute
readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );

// Trigger any bound ready events
if ( jQuery.fn.trigger ) {
    jQuery( document ).trigger("ready").off("ready");
}

第一句代码执行了$(docment).ready方法中的回调，并且传递了JQ对象。第二句代码先触发ready事件再清除它。我们看下ready方法的使用：

$(function(scope){
    scope(this).on('click',function(){
        alert('a');
    });
});

scpoe是JQ对象，this是document，最后我们看下jq准备DOM触发的3种写法：

$(function(scope){
    scope(this).on('click',function(){
        alert('a');
    });
});
$(document).ready(function(scope){
    scope(this).on('click',function(){
        alert('a');
    });
});
$(document).on('ready',function(){
    $(this).on('click',function(){
        alert('a');
    });
});

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gongshunkai/p/5834361.html