MySQL数据之间的复制 

MySQL Replicating Data 流程如下图所示：


一、MySQL主从复制
1:
配置主服务器master,编辑MySQL的配置文件/etc/my.cnf添加如下内容
[mysqld]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
server-id=10

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO repl@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;


配置从服务器slave,编辑MySQL的配置文件/etc/my.cnf添加如下内容
[mysqld]
relay-log=slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
server-id=20

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
>MASTER_USER='repl',
>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
>MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.68',
>MASTER_PORT=3306;
mysql>START SLAVE;
查看从服务器状态:
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;一切正常


2：如果从服务器不是一开始就主从的连接状态，而是从半道上开始进入连接状态，这个时候我们一定要记下主服务器日志的起始点，如：
配置主服务器master
[mysqld]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
server-id=10

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO repl@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

配置从服务器slave
[mysqld]
relay-log=slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
server-id=20

配置文件完成以后我们要做以下内容：
(1)我们可以把主服务器上的数据先备份下来，
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;
此处一定要记下主服务器上二进制文件的起始位置，如master-bin.000006 213
(2)备份数据库:
#mysqldump -uroot -p --events --triggers --routines >/tmp/db1.sql
(3)备份完成一定要记得解表：
mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;
(4)我们要将主服务器备份出来的数据库导入到从服务器中：
mysql>CREATE DATABASE db1;
#mysql -uroot -p db1 </tmp/db1.sql
(5)导入完成后我们就可以进入数据库：
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
>MASTER_USER='repl',
>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
>MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.68',
>MASTER_PORT=3306;
>MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000006',
>MASTER_LOG_POS=213;
mysql>START SLAVE;
这时主从已经进入下常工作状态，并且数据可以保持一至了


3：MySQLt的主从复制之间实现SSL
服务器端配置
[mysqld]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
server-id=10
ssl(启动SSL)
ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/certs/cacert.pem(跟据实际情况来定)
ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/certs/master.crt
ssl-key=/etc/mysql/certs/master.key
datadir=/mydata(数据的存放目录)

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO repl@'slave.a.com' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' REQUIRE SSL;
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

从服务器slave配置
[mysqld]
relay-log=slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index=slave-bin.index
server-id=20
ssl(启动SSL)

(注：这里要配置好自己的DNS指向或hosts文件，这里需要名称解析)
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO
>MASTER_USER='repl',
>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
>MASTER_HOST='master.a.com',
>MASTER_PORT=3306,
>MASTER_SSL=1,
>MASTER_SSL_CA='/etc/mysql/certs/cacert.pem',
>MASTER_SSL_CERT='/etc/mysql/certs/slave.crt',
>MASTER_SSL_KEY='/etc/mysql/certs/slave.key';
mysql>START SLAVE;
mysql>SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;(查看SLAVE状态)



二、MySQL的主主复制
两个master server之间的配置如下：
[mysql]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin-index
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=1
server-id=10

[mysqld]
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
auto-increment-increment=2
auto-increment-offset=2
server-id=20

启动数据库：
1.我们需要备份当前的数据库，为了在对方数据库上的应用，以节省大量的时间
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 106 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#mysqldump -uroot --triggers --events --routines db1 >/tmp/db1.sql
mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;

2.将备份好的数据库传送到对方的服务器上
mysql>CREATE DATABASE db1
#mysql -uroot db1 </root/db1.sql(导入数据库)
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 106 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
同上：


接下来要在两服务器上实现：
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_USER='db2',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.7',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_USER='db1',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.8',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;


此是数据之间的复制已经实现