sysctl命令被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数，可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项， 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。


语法

sysctl(选项)(参数)

选项

-n：打印值时不打印关键字；

-e：忽略未知关键字错误；

-N：仅打印名称；

-w：当改变sysctl设置时使用此项；

-p：从配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加载内核参数设置；

-a：打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值；

-A：以表格方式打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值。

参数

变量=值：设置内核参数对应的变量值。


实例

查看所有可读变量：


sysctl -a


读一个指定的变量，例如kern.maxproc：


sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044


要设置一个指定的变量，直接用variable=value这样的语法：


sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000

kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量，也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf看起来很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。


sysctl变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。（布尔型用 1 来表示'yes'，用 0 来表示'no'）。


sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0

sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1

sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1

配置sysctl

编辑此文件：/etc/sysctl.conf


如果该文件为空，则输入以下内容，否则请根据情况自己做调整：


# Controls source route verification

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1


# Disables IP source routing

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0


# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0


# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1


# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm

# Only uncomment if needed!

# kernel.shmmax = 67108864


# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0


# enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets

# Default should work for all interfaces

net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1

# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1


# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25


# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200


# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling

net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1


# Turn on the tcp_sack

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1


# tcp_fack should be on because of sack

net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1


# Turn on the tcp_timestamps

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1


# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1


# Enable ignoring broadcasts request

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1


# Enable bad error message Protection

net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1


# make more local ports available

# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000


# set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′

net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5


# Lower syn retry rates

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3


# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048


# Various Settings

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024


# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached

net.core.hot_list_length = 256


# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000


# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues

net.core.rmem_default = 65535

net.core.rmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608

net.core.wmem_default = 65535

net.core.wmem_max = 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608

net.core.optmem_max = 40960

如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机，则加入以下代码：


# Disable ping requests

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

编辑完成后，请执行以下命令使变动立即生效：


/sbin/sysctl -p

/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

原文来自: http://man.linuxde.net/sysctl