通常我们见到的单件模式的实现只限于单个执行过程.然而如果要求某个公共对象对多个程序实例,甚至是不同程序都只能有一个实例,该怎么办呢?
首先,我们想到这个对象一定是跨进程,跨应用程序域的.应用程序域是系统内程序执行的安全和资源边界,不同的应用程序域其内存都是独立的,使用普通的方式,是不可能实现的.
要跨越应用程序域,我们似乎只有一个选择,使用 Remoting技术,使不同的程序访问同一个远程对象。
在如何实现上,首先想到的是做一个Windows服务,让它一直保持运行状态,将唯一的公共对象实例保存在其中,其他程序通过这个服务获取对象。但是这样无疑增大了实现的复杂度,似乎并不必要,于是放弃。
权衡之后,决定使用一个比较轻量级的方案, 首先,创建一个公共对象的宿主程序,客户程序获取公共对象实例时,首先检查这个宿主程序是否已经启动,如果没有,则创建一个进程,启动宿主程序。如果已经存在,则通过IPC信道(选用IPC信道是考虑到其效率比较高),获取宿主程序公开的远程对象。
实现过程如下:
首先创建宿主程序,大数学家华罗庚说,把问题简化到不能再简单而又不不失重要性,便是成功的第一步.(n年前看到的,无法考证),于是我们的这个公共类也就只有一个属性。注意,一定要继承自MarshalByRefObject,否则,你会发现获取的其实只是一个本地对象,这个可不能简化:)
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接下来,是一个DLL,提供了对获取远程对象的一个封装。
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最后是一个测试程序,功能很简单:获取对象,使其属性Name末尾加上一个星号,然后打印。这样我们每次启动程序都能看到输出多了一个星号,也就证明了,我们的实例确实只有一个。
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现在,我们使用的IPC信道(IPC信道是.NET 2.0新增的),虽然提高了系统性能,但是也被限制在了一个OS内,如果使用TCP/HTTP信道,并固定一台计算机专门运行宿主程序。那么就可以在任意范围内实现单件模式。