测试代码
框架配置
现在就从 SpringMVC 的网站开发开始。当然,最先是用 Mavan 下载所需的 jar。下面是 pom.xml 配置:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.kay</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVCDome</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringMVCDome Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<!-- Compile dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- test dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>SpringMVCDome</finalName>
</build>
</project>
下面是代码结构
注:开发环境:
编码:UTF-8
工具:IDEA 15.0.3
JDK:JDK 1.8、Java EE 5
开发环境:Maven 3
Web 容器:Tomcat 9
开发技术选型:
MVC 框架:Spring MVC 4.2.5
表现层:JSP
web.xml配置
打开src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\下的 web.xml 文件,对 web.xml 进行配置,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>SpringMVCDemo Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 设置一个 servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置一个 encodingFilter ,以避免 post 请求中文出现乱码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
编写 Model 代码
在model包中新建javabean类 IndexController(名称并不固定,可任意取),并修改如下:
package org.spring.model;
/**
* JavaBean UserBean 模板
*
* @Author kay
* @version 1.0
*/
public class UserBean {
private String name;
private int age;
public void setName(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setAge(int age){
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return this.age;
}
}
编写 Controller 代码
在controller包中新建java类 IndexController(名称并不固定,可任意取),并修改如下:
package org.spring.controller;
import org.spring.model.UserBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* index 页面的控制器,用于处理网站默认页面的请求
*
* @Author kay
* @version 1.0
*/
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String defaultIndex(ModelMap modelMap){
List<UserBean> userBeans = new ArrayList<UserBean>();
UserBean userBeanA = new UserBean();
UserBean userBeanB = new UserBean();
userBeanA.setName("zhang");
userBeanA.setAge(27);
userBeanB.setName("li");
userBeanB.setAge(35);
userBeans.add(userBeanA);
userBeans.add(userBeanB);
modelMap.addAttribute("users", userBeans);
return "index";
}
}
xxx-servlet.xml配置
新建该xml文件后,在配置完web.xml后,需在web.xml同级目录下新建 mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml(-servlet前面是在servlet里面定义的servlet名),如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 指明 controller 所在包,并扫描其中的注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.spring.controller"/>
<!-- 静态资源(js、image等)的访问 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 开启注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- ViewResolver 视图解析器 -->
<!-- 用于支持Servlet、JSP视图解析 -->
<bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
index 页面
我们删除 webapp 目录下的 index.jsp 文件,在WEB-INF目录下新建文件夹pages,再在pages目录下新建 index.jsp,并修改为如下所示:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>SpringMVC Demo Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>This is SpringMVC Demo Home</h3>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
<c:out value="${user.name}"/><br/>
<c:out value="${user.age}"/><br/>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
测试运行
这样,说明配置完成。这里总结一下其相关机制:首先,浏览器访问 localhost:8080,后台controller拦截该请求,进行相应的处理(此处无),在跳转到视图 index.jsp进行显示。此后,将会进行详细的介绍。
源码入口
对于 Spring MVC 功能实现的分析,我们首先从 web.xml 开始,在 web.xml 文件中我们配置的是从 DispatcherServlet 开始的。
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
接下来,我们的分析就从 DispatcherServlet 开始。
——水门(2016年3月写于武汉)