linux smartctl 命令,在Linux中使用Smartctl监控磁盘性能的方法

Smartctl(S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术)是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

复制代码代码如下:

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

复制代码代码如下:

# yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

复制代码代码如下:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

复制代码代码如下:

# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===

Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6

Device Model: ST9320325AS

Serial Number: 5VD2V59T

LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4

Firmware Version: 0002BSM1

User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]

Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical

Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm

Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]

ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4

SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s

Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.

SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===

SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===

SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

Please note the following marginal Attributes:

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===

Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".

Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.

Testing has begun.

Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.

Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===

Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".

Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.

Testing has begun.

Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.

Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1

Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error

# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

General SMART Values:

Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity

was never started.

Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.

Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having

the read element of the test failed.

Total time to complete Offline

data collection: ( 0) seconds.

Offline data collection

capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.

Auto Offline data collection on/off support.

Suspend Offline collection upon new

command.

No Offline surface scan supported.

Self-test supported.

Conveyance Self-test supported.

Selective Self-test supported.

SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering

power-saving mode.

Supports SMART auto save timer.

Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.

General Purpose Logging supported.

Short self-test routine

recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.

Extended self-test routine

recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.

Conveyance self-test routine

recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.

SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.

SCT Error Recovery Control supported.

SCT Feature Control supported.

SCT Data Table supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

复制代码代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb

Sample Output

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART Error Log Version: 1

ATA Error Count: 5

CR = Command Register [HEX]

FR = Features Register [HEX]

SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]

SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]

CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]

CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]

DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]

DC = Device Command Register [HEX]

ER = Error register [HEX]

ST = Status register [HEX]

Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as

DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,

SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------

25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT

25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT

25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT

25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT

25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT