如何通过SMART工具查看硬盘信息及健康状态

硬件
Windows计算机,硬盘。
软件
SMART Tool
安装后,在example文件夹(C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\smartmontools\smartctl Examples)下有各种使用例子,都以第一个硬盘sda为对象。
控制台中查询命令(CD至C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin目录):

smartctl --scan //list all hard disk
smartctl -a sda //show sda SMART information
smartctl -H sda //show sda health state (pass or fail)

遇到的问题
有时硬盘无法显示SMART信息,报出error:Smartctl open device: sdc [SAT] failed: \\.\PhysicalDrive2: Open failed, Error=5
这是因为没有Enable SMART,使用命令:smartctl -s on sda // enable SMART
或者需要Run CMD as Administrator
reference

SMART support is: Disabled

SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
(override with '-T permissive' option)

使用记录:

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.900]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>cd C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin

C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin>smartctl.exe -d ata -a sdc
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-w64-mingw32-w10-1909] (sf-7.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Hitachi/HGST Travelstar Z5K500
Device Model:     HGST HTS545050A7E680
Serial Number:    0F115C854321
Firmware Version: 0
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   [No Information Found]
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 17 10:43:31 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
                  Enabled status cached by OS, trying SMART RETURN STATUS cmd.
SMART support is: Disabled

SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
(override with '-T permissive' option)

C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin>smartctl.exe -s on sdc
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-w64-mingw32-w10-1909] (sf-7.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.


C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin>smartctl.exe -a sdc
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-w64-mingw32-w10-1909] (sf-7.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Hitachi/HGST Travelstar Z5K500
Device Model:     HGST HTS545050A7E680
Serial Number:    TMA55CDG1A54DM
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 7fed2b684
Firmware Version: GG2OAF10
User Capacity:    500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Nov 17 10:44:45 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (   45) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 115) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   062    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   040    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   253   253   033    Pre-fail  Always       -       1
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   086   086   000    Old_age   Always       -       23111
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   040    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   083   083   000    Old_age   Always       -       7507
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       2682
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x000a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       132
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   066   066   000    Old_age   Always       -       348530
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   193   193   000    Old_age   Always       -       31 (Min/Max 4/48)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       92
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x000a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 39226 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
        CR = Command Register [HEX]
        FR = Features Register [HEX]
        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
        ER = Error register [HEX]
        ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 39226 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7504 hours (312 days + 16 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 28 50 de b5 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00b5de50 = 11918928

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:53.824  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:53.824  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:50.224  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:50.223  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:46.624  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 39225 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7504 hours (312 days + 16 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 28 50 de b5 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00b5de50 = 11918928

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:50.224  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:50.223  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:46.624  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:46.623  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:43.024  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 39224 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7504 hours (312 days + 16 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 28 50 de b5 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00b5de50 = 11918928

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:46.624  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:46.623  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:43.024  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:43.023  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:39.424  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 39223 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7504 hours (312 days + 16 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 28 50 de b5 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00b5de50 = 11918928

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:43.024  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:43.023  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:39.424  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:39.423  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 b0 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:35.834  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 39222 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7504 hours (312 days + 16 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 28 50 de b5 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00b5de50 = 11918928

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 40 08 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:39.424  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:08:39.423  READ LOG EXT
  60 40 b0 38 de b5 40 00      00:08:35.834  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 08 a8 18 ba 84 40 00      00:08:35.547  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 10 a0 e0 21 31 40 00      00:08:35.547  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.


C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin>smartctl.exe -H sdc
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-w64-mingw32-w10-1909] (sf-7.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

C:\Program Files\smartmontools\bin>smartctl.exe --scan
/dev/sda -d ata # /dev/sda, ATA device
/dev/sdc -d sat # /dev/sdc [SAT], ATA device

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