Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一，也是一种比较可靠的加密方法，能够对电子邮件的明文进行转换，至少要得出一个无法被别人一眼就看出内容来的东西，而且编码/解码的速度还要足够快。它的特点是：1、速度非常快。2、能够将字符串A转换成字符串B，而且如果你光看字符串B，是绝对猜不出字符串A的内容来的。
Base64由来：Base64编码方式可以让中文字或者图片也能在网路上顺利传输。在 BASE64 编码后的字串只包含英文字母大小写、阿拉伯数字、加号与反斜线，共 64 个基本字元，不包含其它特殊的字元，因而才取名 BASE64。编码后的字串比原来的字串长度再加 1/3 左右。
Base64编码算法：
Base64要求把每三个8Bit的字节转换为四个6Bit的字节（3*8 = 4*6 = 24），然后把6Bit再添两位高位0，组成四个8Bit的字节，也就是说，转换后的字符串理论上将要比原来的长1/3。所以，Base64的编码最多会在编码结尾有两个“=”
三个8位字节->4个6位补全字节->对应码表找到对应的asc字符
Table 1: The Base64 Alphabet
Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding
0 A 17 R 34 i 51 z
1 B 18 S 35 j 52 0
2 C 19 T 36 k 53 1
3 D 20 U 37 l 54 2
4 E 21 V 38 m 55 3
5 F 22 W 39 n 56 4
6 G 23 X 40 o 57 5
7 H 24 Y 41 p 58 6
8 I 25 Z 42 q 59 7
9 J 26 a 43 r 60 8
10 K 27 b 44 s 61 9
11 L 28 c 45 t 62 +
12 M 29 d 46 u 63 /
13 N 30 e 47 v
14 O 31 f 48 w (pad) =
15 P 32 g 49 x
16 Q 33 h 50 y
顺便贴一个老外用Java实现的Base64编码工具类
/**
* <p>
* Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.
* </p>
* <p>
* I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will. This
* software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of
* well-wishing instead! Please visit <a
* href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a> periodically
* to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
* </p>
*
* @author Robert Harder
* @author rob@iharder.net
* @version 2.3.7
*/
public static class Base64 {
/** The equals sign (=) as a byte. */
private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte) '=';
/** Preferred encoding. */
private final static String PREFERRED_ENCODING = "US-ASCII";
/** The 64 valid Base64 values. */
private final static byte[] _STANDARD_ALPHABET = { (byte) 'A', (byte) 'B',
(byte) 'C', (byte) 'D', (byte) 'E', (byte) 'F', (byte) 'G', (byte) 'H',
(byte) 'I', (byte) 'J', (byte) 'K', (byte) 'L', (byte) 'M', (byte) 'N',
(byte) 'O', (byte) 'P', (byte) 'Q', (byte) 'R', (byte) 'S', (byte) 'T',
(byte) 'U', (byte) 'V', (byte) 'W', (byte) 'X', (byte) 'Y', (byte) 'Z',
(byte) 'a', (byte) 'b', (byte) 'c', (byte) 'd', (byte) 'e', (byte) 'f',
(byte) 'g', (byte) 'h', (byte) 'i', (byte) 'j', (byte) 'k', (byte) 'l',
(byte) 'm', (byte) 'n', (byte) 'o', (byte) 'p', (byte) 'q', (byte) 'r',
(byte) 's', (byte) 't', (byte) 'u', (byte) 'v', (byte) 'w', (byte) 'x',
(byte) 'y', (byte) 'z', (byte) '0', (byte) '1', (byte) '2', (byte) '3',
(byte) '4', (byte) '5', (byte) '6', (byte) '7', (byte) '8', (byte) '9',
(byte) '+', (byte) '/' };
/** Defeats instantiation. */
private Base64() {
}
/**
* <p>
* Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var> and writes the
* resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>. The source and
* destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by
* specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method
* does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate
* <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>source</var> array or
* <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>destination</var> array. The
* actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by
* <var>numSigBytes</var>.
* </p>
* <p>
* This is the lowest level of the encoding methods with all possible
* parameters.
* </p>
*
* @param source
* the array to convert
* @param srcOffset
* the index where conversion begins
* @param numSigBytes
* the number of significant bytes in your array
* @param destination
* the array to hold the conversion
* @param destOffset
* the index where output will be put
* @return the <var>destination</var> array
* @since 1.3
*/
private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] source, int srcOffset,
int numSigBytes, byte[] destination, int destOffset) {
byte[] ALPHABET = _STANDARD_ALPHABET;
int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? ((source[srcOffset] << 24) >>> 8) : 0)
| (numSigBytes > 1 ? ((source[srcOffset + 1] << 24) >>> 16) : 0)
| (numSigBytes > 2 ? ((source[srcOffset + 2] << 24) >>> 24) : 0);
switch (numSigBytes) {
case 3:
destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
destination[destOffset + 3] = ALPHABET[(inBuff) & 0x3f];
return destination;
case 2:
destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
return destination;
case 1:
destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN;
destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
return destination;
default:
return destination;
}
}
/**
* Encode string as a byte array in Base64 annotation.
*
* @param string
* @return The Base64-encoded data as a string
*/
public static String encode(String string) {
byte[] bytes;
try {
bytes = string.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
bytes = string.getBytes();
}
return encodeBytes(bytes);
}
/**
* Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
*
* @param source
* The data to convert
* @return The Base64-encoded data as a String
* @throws NullPointerException
* if source array is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if source array, offset, or length are invalid
* @since 2.0
*/
public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source) {
return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length);
}
/**
* Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
*
* @param source
* The data to convert
* @param off
* Offset in array where conversion should begin
* @param len
* Length of data to convert
* @return The Base64-encoded data as a String
* @throws NullPointerException
* if source array is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if source array, offset, or length are invalid
* @since 2.0
*/
public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
byte[] encoded = encodeBytesToBytes(source, off, len);
try {
return new String(encoded, PREFERRED_ENCODING);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uue) {
return new String(encoded);
}
}
/**
* Similar to {@link #encodeBytes(byte[], int, int)} but returns a byte
* array instead of instantiating a String. This is more efficient if you're
* working with I/O streams and have large data sets to encode.
*
*
* @param source
* The data to convert
* @param off
* Offset in array where conversion should begin
* @param len
* Length of data to convert
* @return The Base64-encoded data as a String if there is an error
* @throws NullPointerException
* if source array is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if source array, offset, or length are invalid
* @since 2.3.1
*/
public static byte[] encodeBytesToBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
if (source == null)
throw new NullPointerException("Cannot serialize a null array.");
if (off < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have negative offset: "
+ off);
if (len < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have length offset: " + len);
if (off + len > source.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
String
.format(
"Cannot have offset of %d and length of %d with array of length %d",
off, len, source.length));
// Bytes needed for actual encoding
int encLen = (len / 3) * 4 + (len % 3 > 0 ? 4 : 0);
byte[] outBuff = new byte[encLen];
int d = 0;
int e = 0;
int len2 = len - 2;
for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4)
encode3to4(source, d + off, 3, outBuff, e);
if (d < len) {
encode3to4(source, d + off, len - d, outBuff, e);
e += 4;
}
if (e <= outBuff.length - 1) {
byte[] finalOut = new byte[e];
System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, finalOut, 0, e);
return finalOut;
} else
return outBuff;
}
}
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