Java并发编程初级篇(十三)：使用锁来实现同步机制

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Java API除了提供synchronized关键字实现同步机制外，还提供了Lock接口以及它的实现类ReentrantLock。Lock接口除了能够实现同步机制外，还提供了一个tryLock()方法的实现。这个方法会试图获得锁，如果锁已经被其他线程获取，它将返回false并继续往下执行代码。

你会发现使用Lock接口更加灵活，因为synchronized同步代码当A线程进入后，其他视图访问同步代码的线程都会被挂起直到A线程执行完毕。而Lock接口允许你通过编码的方式来决定是否实现同步代码，并且可以使用tryLock()检测锁是否被其他线程获取，如果其他线程拥有锁，那么这个线程可以选择跳过同步代码继续向下执行。

看一个示例：

我们模拟一个打印队列PrintQueue，在这个类中，我们定义一个锁new ReentrantLock()，使用一个随机数等待时间模拟打印过程，在打印开始时加锁，打印结束后在finally块中释放锁，释放锁这一步是必不可少的，不然这个锁一直会被锁定，其他线程就无法获得这个锁，就会造成了死锁。

public class PrintQueue {
    private final Lock queueLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void printJob(Object document) {
        try {
            queueLock.lock();

            long duration = (long)(Math.random() * 10000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                    " PrintQueue: print a job during " + (duration/1000) + " seconds");

            Thread.sleep(duration);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            queueLock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

创建一个工作线程，调用打印对列类执行打印操作。

public class Job implements Runnable{
    private PrintQueue printQueue;

    public Job(PrintQueue printQueue) {
        this.printQueue = printQueue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.printf("%s: Going to print a document.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        printQueue.printJob(new Object());
        System.out.printf("%s: The document has been printed.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

创建主方法类，新建打印队列并启动10个线程来执行打印操作。

public class Job implements Runnable{
    private PrintQueue printQueue;

    public Job(PrintQueue printQueue) {
        this.printQueue = printQueue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.printf("%s: Going to print a document.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        printQueue.printJob(new Object());
        System.out.printf("%s: The document has been printed.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

查看控制台日志，发现10个打印线程几乎同时启动，但每次只有一个线程能够获取锁并执行打印操作，其他线程等待上一个线程执行完毕释放锁后继续竞争锁，获取锁的线程继续执行，其他线程继续等待，直到所有线程执行完毕。

Thread-0: Going to print a document.
Thread-0 PrintQueue: print a job during 4 seconds
Thread-9: Going to print a document.
Thread-8: Going to print a document.
Thread-7: Going to print a document.
Thread-6: Going to print a document.
Thread-5: Going to print a document.
Thread-4: Going to print a document.
Thread-3: Going to print a document.
Thread-2: Going to print a document.
Thread-1: Going to print a document.
Thread-0: The document has been printed.
Thread-9 PrintQueue: print a job during 2 seconds
Thread-9: The document has been printed.
Thread-8 PrintQueue: print a job during 2 seconds
Thread-8: The document has been printed.
Thread-7 PrintQueue: print a job during 3 seconds
Thread-7: The document has been printed.
Thread-6 PrintQueue: print a job during 8 seconds
Thread-6: The document has been printed.
Thread-5 PrintQueue: print a job during 4 seconds
Thread-5: The document has been printed.
Thread-4 PrintQueue: print a job during 9 seconds
Thread-4: The document has been printed.
Thread-3 PrintQueue: print a job during 8 seconds
Thread-3: The document has been printed.
Thread-2 PrintQueue: print a job during 7 seconds
Thread-2: The document has been printed.
Thread-1 PrintQueue: print a job during 6 seconds
Thread-1: The document has been printed.

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/nenusoul/blog/794075